Showing papers on "Relative survival published in 1992"
TL;DR: Inflammatory bowel disease was the main reason for this excess mortality in patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease within the Uppsala Region, Sweden 1965-1983.
252 citations
TL;DR: Multivariate analyses showed that the 10-year relative survival for women over 74 years was significantly worse than that for younger patients, and was largely related to their unfavourable stage distribution: stage-specific survival appeared to be similar in all age groups.
87 citations
TL;DR: Intracranial meningioma was diagnosed and histologically verified in 1986 patients, 597 men and 1389 women, between 1953 and 1984 in Finland, and the follow-up was complete.
Abstract: Intracranial meningioma was diagnosed and histologically verified in 1986 patients, 597 men and 1389 women, between 1953 and 1984 in Finland. The closing date of this survival study was December 31, 1987, and the follow-up was complete. Meningiomas, usually slowly growing and surgically curable benign tumors, caused considerable short-term mortality, with a relative survival rate (RSR) of 83% at 1 year, and slight but continual long-term mortality, with RSR of 71% at 15 years. From 1979 to 1984, when computed tomography (CT) was available, the mortality at 3 months for the patients who had surgical procedures was 2% in those younger than 45 years and 10% in those older than 64 years; patients who did not have operations had 1-year mortality of 61%. The short-term and long-term excess mortalities are associated significantly with old age, no surgical procedure, and the period of diagnosis; the long-term excess mortality also is associated with male gender.
80 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Although elderly women more frequently present with advanced breast cancer, the incidence of other poor prognostic factors generally associated with early disease recurrence and short survival is not increased among the elderly compared to younger women.
Abstract: The incidence of breast cancer among women older than 65 years of age is 1.7 times higher than the rate for women 45 to 64 years of age, and 10 times higher than for women younger than 45. In addition, the relative survival from breast cancer is decreased among elderly women. Although elderly women more frequently present with advanced breast cancer, the incidence of other poor prognostic factors generally associated with early disease recurrence and short survival is not increased among the elderly compared to younger women. Most breast tumors from elderly patients contain estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors and would be expected to respond to hormonal therapies, and most tumors have low proliferative rates which would be indicative of slow-growing, indolent tumors. Several studies have documented that elderly women often do not receive complete workups for definitive staging of their breast cancer, and that even after adjustment for comorbid conditions, elderly patients are less likely to receive optimal standard therapy for their disease.
56 citations
TL;DR: Cancer of the penis was a disease of elderly males, which showed no systematic geographical variation in Finland in terms of risk and the most frequent predisposing factors were phimosis and condylomatous lesions.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize the epidemiological features of cancer of the penis in Finland. After histological re-examination and exclusions, the final series comprised 269 patients with cancer of the penis diagnosed and reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry between 1955 and 1977. The age-adjusted incidence rate of cancer of the penis decreased slightly from the 1960s onwards and was on the order of 0.5 per 100,000 person-years in the 1970s. Cancer of the penis was a disease of elderly males, which showed no systematic geographical variation in Finland in terms of risk. The most frequent predisposing factors were phimosis, in 44% of the cases, and condylomatous lesions, in 20% of the cases. The general survival (all patients, all stages) was favourable; the 5-, 10-, and 20-year relative survival rates were 71, 69 and 78%, respectively.
52 citations
TL;DR: A population-based series of 246 gastric cancer patients operated for cure and who survived the postoperative phase was reviewed to determine prognostic factors after potentially curative treatment, and a simple staging system requiring only routinely available pathological data was proposed.
Abstract: A population-based series of 246 gastric cancer patients operated for cure and who survived the postoperative phase was reviewed to determine prognostic factors after potentially curative treatment. The overall five-year observed survival rate was 34.8%, and the relative survival rate was 43.9%. Previous history of gastric ulceration, tumor location, tumor size, gross appearance, extension within the gastric wall, and number of proximal lymph nodes involved were significantly related to both crude and relative survival rates. Age was a significant prognostic factor when considering crude survival rates, but it had no influence on relative survival rates. Multivariate analysis of crude and relative survival gave similar results except for age. The covariates retained in the final model were, by decreasing importance, extension within the gastric wall, lymph node involvement, gross appearance and tumor location. Combining the two major prognostic criteria, tumor extension through the gastric wall and lymph node involvement, four prognostic categories could be determined with five-year corrected survival rates ranging from 92% in patients with a carcinoma limited to the gastric wall to 17% in patients with more than two positive nodes whatever the extension in the gastric wall. Gross appearance had no influence on prognosis for carcinomas limited to the gastric wall, but had a significant impact on prognosis of more extended carcinomas. From these data, a simple staging system requiring only routinely available pathological data was proposed. This classification could be helpful for planning multicenter clinical trials on this disease where progress in therapy is needed.
51 citations
TL;DR: It was showed that resection of metastatic disease after a response to immunotherapy can result in significant disease‐free survival in patients with RCC but not melanoma, suggesting that surgical resection is a reasonable option in selected patients who have a relapse after responding to IL‐2‐based immunotherapy.
Abstract: Thirty-one patients with disseminated melanoma or renal cell cancer (RCC) who had a limited relapse or persistent disease after a partial or complete response to interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based immunotherapy underwent resection of progressing tumors or residual sites of disease. There were no surgery-related deaths. The median time to disease progression after resection for patients with RCC (n = 16) and melanoma (n = 15) was 11 and 5 months, respectively. All patients with melanoma had tumor progression within 10 months of surgery. Seven of 16 patients with RCC were free of tumor progression 4 to 44 months after surgery. Three of 12 patients with RCC rendered disease-free by surgery remain disease-free after 2 years. These data suggest that surgical resection is a reasonable option in selected patients who have a relapse after responding to IL-2-based immunotherapy. Although this retrospective study could not determine the relative survival benefits of surgery and immunotherapy, it showed that resection of metastatic disease after a response to immunotherapy can result in significant disease-free survival in patients with RCC but not melanoma.
47 citations
TL;DR: Overall and stage‐stratified relative survival rates declined with advancing patient age for cancer of the lung, prostate, pancreas, bladder, oral cavity, uterus, cervix, ovary, and large bowel, whereas, among women, age was associated with more advanced disease for most sites examined.
Abstract: The relation of age to 5-year relative survival rates was examined for leading sites of cancer resulting in death among 127,554 patients; data from 1978 to 1982 were studied for four areas of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program of the National Cancer Institute. Overall and stage-stratified relative survival rates declined with advancing patient age for cancer of the lung, prostate, pancreas, bladder, oral cavity, uterus, cervix, ovary, and large bowel (women only). In men, this trend was not explained by age differences in stage of diagnosis, whereas, among women, age was associated with more advanced disease for most sites examined. Although overall survival rates were lower in black patients compared with white patients, the age-survival and age-stage trends were similar in the two racial groups.
45 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that it is feasible to develop state-specific cancer incidence and survival estimates for American Indians in at least some states in different regions of the United States.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer incidence and cancer survival estimates in American Indians are quite limited. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to estimate cancer incidence and survival in American Indians who were registered for Indian Health Service (IHS) care in Montana. METHODS: We linked databases from the IHS and the Montana Central Tumor Registry (MCTR) to ascertain cases for the time period from January 1, 1982, through December 31, 1987. To calculate survival rates, we used a relative survival method that incorporated age-specific risks for noncancer deaths among American Indians. RESULTS: We identified 344 cases that were compatible with the National Cancer Institute (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program) surveillance definition of cancer. Of these cases, 249 (72%) were listed in both the MCTR and the IHS databases; 56 (16%) and 39 (11%) were listed in only the MCTR or the IHS database, respectively. Compared with the overall cancer incidence in U.S. White men, the overall cancer incidence in Montana American Indian men was markedly lower, as was the incidence for colorectal and bladder cancers and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The overall cancer incidence for Montana American Indian women differed less markedly, however, from the overall incidence in U.S. White women. Compared with the cancer incidence in U.S. White women, the incidence in Montana American Indian women was significantly higher for cervical cancer but was significantly lower for colorectal, breast, and uterine cancers. Survival rates from cancer were also examined for the first time in this population. For those sites examined, the survival rates were much lower in Montana American Indians than in U.S. Whites. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is feasible to develop state-specific cancer incidence and survival estimates for American Indians in at least some states in different regions of the United States. Collaboration between the IHS and a state tumor registry is likely to improve the case ascertainment achieved by either agency alone.
40 citations
TL;DR: Changes in survival were greater or restricted to younger individuals for testis, bladder and leukaemias and cancer of the mouth or pharynx (decline), thus suggesting the different play of age-specific biological characteristics of some tumours, in addition to diagnostic improvements and gradual spread of effective cancer treatments to more advanced age groups.
33 citations
TL;DR: These population-based data show remarkable similarities in survival for female and male breast cancer, despite possible heterogeneities in diagnosis and ascertainment of the disease as well as differences in steroid hormone levels in the two sexes and possible differences in biological characteristics of the Disease.
Abstract: Crude and relative survival rates were analyzed using data from 4,199 incident breast cancers in females and 39 breast cancers in males registered between 1974 and 1988 in the Cancer Registry of the S
TL;DR: This study emphasized the importance of multiple regression models for estimating relative survival because they reinforce the validity of international comparisons of survival statistics, and permit to identify the real prognostic significance of variables related to life expectancy in the general population.
TL;DR: Relative survival in Varese was compared with that reported by other cancer registries in Western countries: the variability noted could be related to different modalities of registration and to different distribution of clinical and demographic factors.
Abstract: From the population covered by the Lombardy Cancer Registry (northern Italy), all 2,259 lung cancer patients diagnosed from 1976 to 1981 were followed through 30 November 1989. The length of follow-up ranged from eight to 13 years. A special investigation on long-term survivors showed that a negligible proportion (0.01 percent) of errors occur in determining life status when an active follow-up is adopted. Age, stage, and histotype were found to be statistically significant, independent, prognostic factors in multivariate analysis both by the Cox model and by a model considering the relative survival. Observed survival was 29 percent at one year after diagnosis, 13 percent at two years, eight percent at three years, five percent at five years and two percent at 10 years. Survival decreased with age, but the youngest patients of both sexes showed lower survival compared with immediately subsequent ages. Among morphologically confirmed tumors, epidermoid carcinomas and adenocarcinomas showed the highest survival (38 percent and 33 percent at one year, respectively); small cell carcinomas showed the poorest prognosis (one-year survival, 23 percent). Beyond the second year after diagnosis, differences between histotypes became slighter. Survival according to stage showed a decreasing pattern from limited to advanced tumors, one-year figures being 41 percent for localized tumors, 27 percent for regional metastasis, and three percent for distant metastasis. Relative survival in Varese was compared with that reported by other cancer registries in Western countries: the variability noted could be related to different modalities of registration and to different distribution of clinical and demographic factors.
TL;DR: A retrospective study performed on 140 patients with primary osteomyelofibrosis/-sclerosis or so-called agnogenic myeloid metaplasia to determine prognostic factors of predictive value, finding that in middle-aged patients excess risk of death ranged between 10 and 20 percent.
Abstract: A retrospective study was performed on 140 patients (58 males, 82 females) with primary osteomyelofibrosis/-sclerosis (OMF) or so-called agnogenic myeloid metaplasia in order to determine prognostic factors of predictive value. Considering the relatively high age at diagnosis (median age 66.5 years) the relative survival rates were calculated. According to the histological appearance of trephine biopsies taken on admission, our cohort of patients was divided into one group with an early hypercellular/-plastic stage with no relevant myelofibrosis (group I) and another revealing an advanced fibro-osteosclerotic subtype (group II). Factors that had an impact on survival included age, spleen and liver size and particularly the hemoglobin level. Estimation of survival rates displayed no significant differences between group I and group II patients.Computation of the proportion of life lost due to OMF disclosed that in middle-aged patients excess risk of death ranged between 10 and 20 percent, contrasting with ...
TL;DR: Rough estimates of the effect in 2005 of various preventive measures aimed at reducing cancer mortality in the Nordic countries were made using the American software CAN*TROL, showing a potential of up to several tens of percent for reducing total cancer mortality by the year 2005.
Abstract: Rough estimates of the effect in 2005 of various preventive measures aimed at reducing cancer mortality in the Nordic countries were made using the American software CAN*TROL. The effect was measured as the percentage reduction in cancer mortality in 2005. The calculations were performed for changes in the smoking, dietary and sunbathing habits of the population (primary prevention), earlier diagnosis (secondary prevention) and improvements in survival resulting from better treatment (tertiary prevention). The calculations incorporate many assumptions, some of them more firmly based than others, such as uniformity of incidence trend in all the Nordic countries and also concerning the causality of various relations. For lack of evaluated Nordic data, we have used American figures concerning stage distributions and stage-specific relative survival rates. These assumptions should be borne in mind when drawing conclusions from the results obtained. The results show that there is a potential of up to several tens of percent for reducing total cancer mortality by the year 2005.
TL;DR: Home care was less effective compared to hospital care when survival was used as the only outcome criterion, according to the conditions prevailing while this study was undertaken.
Abstract: A non-randomized study was undertaken in 1980-1982 to compare the effectiveness of home care versus hospital care for patients suffering from terminal stages of malignant diseases at a large cancer hospital in Pireaus, Greece and in the surrounding community. The survival pattern of 101 patients with malignant disease at various stages enrolled in a home care program for terminal patients was compared with the survival pattern of a matched comparison group of an equal number of hospital treated cancer patients. The two groups were matched for age, sex, time of initial diagnosis, primary tumor and stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. The comparison of the survival curves was done using the logrank test taking into account censored observations. The results indicate that, under the conditions prevailing while this study was undertaken, home care was less effective compared to hospital care when survival was used as the only outcome criterion.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In males suffering from larynx cancer, older age, extent of spread, birth in Northern Italy, and being unmarried proved to be statistically significant negative prognostic factors and the same variables were also predictive of survival for hypopharyx cancer.
Abstract: Population survival studies are usually carried out within population-based cancer registries and are useful mainly for geographical and temporal survival comparisons. Survival studies based on clinical series of patients are traditionally executed to evaluate the efficacy of a given treatment or to analyze the prognostic role of clinical factors. Subjects from a case-control study on incidence of larynx and hypopharynx cancers in Turin, for the period 1979-82, were followed-up in order to study their survival. The analysis was based on 347 cases of larynx cancer (319 males and 28 females) and 48 cases of hypopharynx cancer (47 males and 1 female). For larynx cancer, observed five-years survival was 59% in males and 64% in females. Hypopharynx cancer had a worse prognosis (21%). In males suffering from larynx cancer, older age, extent of spread, birth in Northern Italy, and being unmarried proved to be statistically significant negative prognostic factors. The same variables were also predictive of survival for hypopharynx cancer. The one- and three-year relative survival for larynx cancer in Turin was higher than that reported by other cancer registries. For males, relative five-year survival figures range from 47% to 65%. Survival for hypopharynx cancer is considerably lower, five-year figures ranging from 13% to 35%. The survival study on lung cancer was based on all the incident cases recorded by the Lombardy Cancer Registry (L.C.R.) from 1976 to 1981; during this period there were 2042 cases of primary lung cancers occurred in males and 217 in females. Observed survival at one, three and five years from diagnosis was 29%, 8% and 5%, respectively. Survival decreased with increasing age; no important differences between sexes are evident. Information on tumor stage was available in 1904 cases and histotype was known in 1605. Three-year survival was 17% for localized tumors, 8% for tumors with regional metastasis, and 1% for tumours with distant metastasis. Epidermoid carcinomas had a better prognosis than non-epidermoid carcinomas in the first year of follow-up, survival being 38% and 29%, respectively; among non-epidermoid carcinomas the worst prognosis was for small-cell carcinomas. Comparisons between the LCR relative survival and that reported by other cancer registries did not show important differences, five-year figures ranging from 5% to 10% in males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This article is based on 1992 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality, cancer trends in Canada and relative cancer survival rates in British Columbia, found in Canadian Cancer Statistics 1992, which was prepared at Statistics Canada through a collaborative effort involving the Canadian Cancer Society, Health and Welfare Canada and the provincial/territorial cancer registries.
Abstract: In Canada, it is estimated that in 1992 115,000 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed. This total excludes 47,200 estimated new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer. The number of new cases is increasing by about 3,000 per year due partly to the aging population, improved registration, earlier detection of cancer and real increases in the incidence of some types of cancer. It is estimated that there will be 58,300 cancer deaths in 1992. By 1992, prostate cancer will have overtaken lung cancer as the leading cancer among men in the four western provinces while lung cancer is expected to exceed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in some provinces, notably British Columbia. In British Columbia, the relative survival rates for most cancers improved between the periods 1970 to 1974 and 1980 to 1984. However, stomach, lung and pancreatic cancers, which have low survival rates, showed little improvement. This article is based on 1992 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality, cancer trends in Canada and relative cancer survival rates in British Columbia, found in Canadian Cancer Statistics 1992. This publication was prepared at Statistics Canada through a collaborative effort involving the Canadian Cancer Society, Health and Welfare Canada and the provincial/territorial cancer registries.
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: The total population-based material of 426 ovarian malignancies in the Southeast Health Care Region of Sweden during 1984-1987 was surveyed and it seems that with a program of cytoreductive surgery followed by a cisplatinum chemotherapy combination in the metastasizing cases the overall survival figures have improved.
Abstract: The total population-based material of 426 ovarian malignancies in the Southeast Health Care Region of Sweden during 1984-1987 was surveyed. It seems that with a program of cytoreductive surgery followed by a cisplatinum chemotherapy combination in the metastasizing cases the overall survival figures have improved. A relative overall 5-year survival of 43% was recorded. Age and stage were independent prognostic factors for survival, while histology (epithelial vs, non-epithelial tumors) did not add prognostic information.384 patients with ovarian carcinomas were analyzcd separately. An overall relative survival of 40% was recorded. Tite overall corrected 5-yearsurvival for patients prescribed protocol treatment was 49 % compared to 33 % for those treated otlJCrwise. The corrected 5-year survival for patients with FIGO stage Ill -IV tumorswas 35 % if optimal primary cy~oreductive surgery wasperfonned.Patientswith residual tumors greater than 1cm had 13% corrected5-yearsurvival. Patients that underwent intestinal surgery as a part of initial surgical debulking had a very poor survival, even compared with 1l1e group of patients with greater than 3 cm residual tumors left after initial surgery ( 4 vs. 13 %). The secondary laparotomy gave prognostic information only in stages I and ll. Eighteen of 68 patients (26 %) who had macroscopic turn or left at the secondary surgery cmdd be rendered tumor free at the secondary laparotomy. This group had about the same survival as those who were foi.Uld to be in complete response at the secondary laparotomy. It was not possible to ~iatc that this was caused by the ~urgeryper se.Geometrical measurements oftumor nuclei on the diagnostic tissue sections generated powerful prognostic factors for survival after secondary laparotomy in 65 patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The existence of very large nuclei seemed to cl1aracterize patients with a bad prognosis.The half-life of the turn or marker CA 125 in serum during induction chemothrapy gave equally good prognostic information regarding the survival after secondary laparotomy in 72 patients with advanced ovarian cancer as registering the response to therapy at the secondary laparotomy.In 33 ovarian cancer patients monitoring with monthlyscrum CA 125 determinations during follow-up was a reliable method to diagnose a recurrence with very few (0.9%) false positive values.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In higher age-groups, advanced cases occupied a larger proportion while cases which received curative resection occupied a smaller proportion, and the reduction of age-differences between younger and older groups was not observed during the decade.
Abstract: Recent improvements in cancer medical care in Osaka have resulted in the elevation of survival rates of cancer patients, except for the so-called "refractory" cancers. Five-year relative survival rates for reported patients diagnosed in 1981-1983 were higher than 60% for cancers of the breast, uterus and bladder, and around 40% for rectum, colon and stomach cancers. However, cancers of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and lung continued to show very low survival rates of less than 10%. In higher age-groups, advanced cases occupied a larger proportion while cases which received curative resection occupied a smaller proportion. Reflecting this, survival rates were lower in age-groups higher than 75, and the reduction of age-differences between younger and older groups was not observed during the decade. Cancer incidence for all sites in Japan was estimated by the Research Group for Population-based Cancer Registries to be 320,000 in 1985. The stomach, colorectal, lung, liver, and breast were the five leading cancer sites. According to the authors' studies, cancer incidence is projected to be 740,000 in Japan in 2015, of which 40% would be patients of "refractory" cancers and 62% would be aged patients in their upper than 70, though these were 19% and 32% in 1985. In order to combat this difficult situation in the near future, the following activities are urgently required: (1) Promotion of primary preventive measures for incurable cancers. (2) Development of specific therapy programs taking into account of QOL for aged patients as well as advanced patients. (3) Promotion of secondary preventive measures for aged people as well as younger people.