Showing papers on "Resource management published in 1981"

Procedures for change detection using Landsat digital data

Abstract: Resource management agencies are interested in knowing when and how satellite data can be effectively used to monitor environmental change and what information can be expected from remote sensing techniques. In this paper the procedures that might be followed in applying the complementary methods of band ratioing and post-classification change detection to monitor a large remote area are outlined. Examples from research in the Peace-Athabasca Delta are used to illustrate the procedures and expected results.

An Integrated Management System: Lessons from the Japanese Experience

Abstract: Japanese management is characterized by a focus on the maximum utilization of human resources. This philosophy of management is realized through three general strategies: development of an internal labor market, articulation of a unique company philosophy, and intensive socialization of employees. These strategies in turn are manifested in a number of specific management techniques. These techniques can be adapted by businesses in other countries, and indeed some of them (e.g., long tenure, job rotation, consultative decision making) are in use in a number of top American companies.

Resource management and environmental uncertainty : lessons from coastal upwelling fisheries

Abstract: Provides the first comprehensive analysis of the scientific, political and economic interrelations of upwelling ecosystems and fisheries management. Describes how environmental information is used in various societies and how it competes in policy-making with political and economic considerations. Presents a synthesis of relevant basic science, approaches to environmental predictions and economic and political decision-making.

Guidelines for the Culture of Fish Stocks for Resource Management

Abstract: Examples of desired genetic changes produced in fish by selective breeding are contrasted with those of unintentional and often harmful genetic changes resulting from artificial propagation over pr...

Toward A Multilevel Perspective on the Allocation of Educational Resources

Abstract: This review draws attention to the mutually reinforcing tendencies of analysts to neglect the study of how resources are allocated within schools and classrooms and to presume that decision makers at less centralized levels of the educational system react passively to resource allocation decisions made at more centralized levels. The purpose of the review is to demonstrate the importance of (a) striking a better balance between the level of attention given to resource allocation practices at macro compared to microlevels of decision making, and (b) learning more about the ways in which resource allocation decisions made at one level affect resource allocation practices at other levels of the educational system. The argument is supported by a detailed critique of exemplary studies drawn from the literature dealing with issues of equity and efficiency in the allocation of educational resources. Policy implications are given explicit attention throughout the review.

A Model of Management Education In Africa

Abstract: Despite abundant natural resources, Africa faces a bleak economic future, owing in large part to its inability to train capable managers. In this article I present a dynamic model of management education in Africa, based on extensive field research. Among the many variables comprised in the model, those of greatest relevance to aid-giving countries are the pre-university educational system, the strong Western influence in management curricula and teaching methods, the lack of facilities for providing practical experience, and the relationship between governments and universities. Knowledge of weaknesses in the system and of differences between the needs of African and Western management should make it possible to develop more effective management education programs in Africa.

Ecological planning: A review

Abstract: Beginning with the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act in 1969, the federal government of the United States has enacted numerous pieces of legislation intended to protect or conserve the environment. Other national governments have also enacted environmental legislation during the past two decades. State and local governments have also adopted policies concerned with environmental planning and management. Multiple laws and overlapping governmental agency responsibilities have confused development and resource management efforts. A comprehensive methodology that integrates the legal mandates and the agency missions into a common and unified framework is needed. Ecological planning offers such a method. Application of the method allows planners and resource managers to better understand the nature and character of the land and/or resource and therefore make better decisions about its appropriate use or management. The steps taken in an ecological planning process—1) goal setting, 2) inventory and analysis of data, 3) suitability analysis, 4) developing alternatives, 5) implementation, 6) administration, and 7) evaluation—are outlined and explained. Hand-drawn overlays and computer programs as techniques for handling ecological planning information are compared. Observations and suggestions for further research are offered.

A Dynamic Leontief Modeling Approach to Management for Optimal Utilization in Water Resources Systems

Abstract: A quantitative framework to the problem of management for optimal utilization in water resources systems is developed using a dynamic Leontief modeling approach. The framework is comprised of a supply-demand disequilibrium model which allows for excess demand or supply to exist at any time. A linear control regulator formulation is undertaken in which the weighted difference between the time rate of change of actual water levels and the excess water demand is used as the control instrument. Application to the River Nile system is performed using the presently available data bank information. Several computer experiments illustrate the validity of the modeling approach and its suitability as a planning tool.

Agricultural resource use in an andean coastal ecosystem

Abstract: Five concurrent systems of agricultural resource management in the Viru Valley in Peru's arid northern coastal plain are discussed as adjustments to microenvironmental variations in soil humidity. Widespread dependence on canal irrigation in an environment characterized by uncertainty in the availability of river water affects the agrarian population in several ways. The upper socioeconomic class has adapted to uncertainty by implementing a deviation-counteracting mechanism (tubular wells) that provides water on demand, giving them flexibility in choice of agricultural activities. Another class of farmers is unable to introduce this mechanism, however, and consequently must depend on a repertoire of inflexible decisions to cope with uncertainty. Each group exploits different opportunity costs to increase economic gain. One pattern provides for expansion, whereas the other at best establishes stability and maintenance. Noncanal techniques permit expansion of cultivation in conditions where canal irrigation is not feasible, thereby improving the overall level of effectiveness of resource use. Alternative techniques do not involve regulatory mechanisms nor do they require complex, interlocking social, economic, and political components. Their presence and persistence in the agricultural system provide variation that may ultimately be amplified as the need to intensify resource exploitation increases in the future.

Managing the Data Resource

Abstract: Effective management of organizations, both private and public, depends on information concerning the firm’s operations, finances, and the allocation of its resources. With such information management can control costs and maximize profits (private industry) or operational efficiency (public institutions). Such information also provides a basis for planning for future developments, i.e., new products, new services, improved operations.

Historic Sites Archaeology on the Western American Frontier: Theoretical Perspectives and Research Problems:

Abstract: Historic sites archaeology in the western United States is booming but continues to be conducted ad hoc. The demands of assessing significance for cultural resource management purposes suggests tha...

New strategies for water resource planning in british columbia

Abstract: British, Columbia experiences a variety of water and related resource management problems. Provincial strategies and responses often have been reactive, have emphasized allocation and regulation of water rather than long-term management, and frequently have been based on inadequate information. Joint federal-provincial approaches such as the Okanagan Basin planning and implementation exercise have been more comprehensive, but have proven to be administratively cumbersome, overly long to complete, expensive relative to the end product, and difficult to implement.These shortcomings have led British Columbia to develop a new approach which combines the comprehensive perspective of the federal-provincial basin exercises with increased flexibility. Called ’strategic’ planning, this approach is characterized by: (1) being undertaken on a regional basis, usually a watershed or combination of watersheds, (2) integrating water and related resource issues, (3) relying on existing data to facilitate a fast turn-arou...

Mathematical models and resource management

Abstract: The fact that resource management regimes are breaking down in almost all ecological applications dramatizes the need for a technology based on an adequate theory. Failures in pest control and fisheries bear grim witness to this need.

Household and farm work situation of rural homemakers in Leyte, Philippines and implications for family resource management /

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