Showing papers on "Rice bran oil published in 1999"
TL;DR: High-purity gamma-oryzanol was obtained from crude rice bran oil using a normal-phase preparative scale HPLC and identification was accomplished using GC/MS with an electron impact mass spectrum after components were transformed into trimethylsilyl ether derivatives.
Abstract: High-purity gamma-oryzanol was obtained from crude rice bran oil using a normal-phase preparative scale HPLC. A reverse-phase HPLC method was used for separating the individual components of gamma-oryzanol present in rice bran oil. Ten fractions were isolated and collected using the reverse-phase HPLC method, and their structures were identified. Identification was accomplished using GC/MS with an electron impact mass spectrum after components were transformed into trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. The 10 components of gamma-oryzanol were identified as Delta(7)-stigmastenyl ferulate, stigmasteryl ferulate, cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, Delta(7)-campestenyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate, Delta(7)-sitostenyl ferulate, sitosteryl ferulate, compestanyl ferulate, and sitostanyl ferulate. Three of these, cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, and campesteryl ferulate, were major components of gamma-oryzanol.
347 citations
TL;DR: In this article, rice bran oil containing 16.5% free fatty acids (FFA) was deacidified by extracting with methanol and recovered by nanofiltration using commercial membranes.
Abstract: Crude rice bran oil containing 16.5% free fatty acids (FFA) was deacidified by extracting with methanol. At the optimal ratio of 1.8:1 methanol/oil by weight, the concentration of FFA in the crude rice bran oil was reduced to 3.7%. A second extraction at 1:1 ratio reduced FFA in the oil to 0.33%. The FFA in the methanol extract was recovered by nanofiltration using commercial membranes. The DS-5 membrane from Osmonics/Desal and the BW-30 membrane from Dow/Film Tec gave average FFA rejection of 93–96% and an average flux of 41 L/m2·h (LMH) to concentrate the FFA from 4.69% to 20%. The permeate, containing 0.4–0.7% FFA, can be nanofiltered again to recover more FFA with flux of 67–75 LMH. Design estimates indicate a two-stage membrane system can recover 97.8% of the FFA and can result in a final retentate stream with 20% FFA or more and a permeate stream with negligible FFA (0.13%) that can be recycled for FFA extraction. The capital cost of the membrane plant would be about $48/kg oil processed/h and annual operating cost would be about $15/ton FFA recovered. The process has several advantages in that it does not require alkali for neutralization, no soapstock nor wastewater is produced, and effluent discharges are minimized.
113 citations
Journal Article•
98 citations
TL;DR: A low-cost medium, MGRS, has been developed for growth and lipase production from Bacillus THL027 at 65 degrees C and pH 7.0 and the purified enzyme was characterized for its general physical properties.
Abstract: A low-cost medium, MGRS, has been developed for growth and lipase production from Bacillus THL027 at 65°C and pH 7.0. MGRS was composed of 2% (v/v) buffer solution (7.3% (w/v) Na2HPO4, 3.2% (w/v) KH2PO4, pH 7.2), 40 μg ml−1 FeSO4 and 40 μg ml−1 MgSO4, 0.1% (w/v) (NH4)2SO4 supplemented with 3% NaCl, 0.1% glucose, 1.0% rice bran oil and 0.5% (w/v) rice bran. The lipase was purified 2.6-fold to apparent homogeneity by ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular mass was 69 kDa. The purified enzyme was characterized for its general physical properties.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the oil rich EFA (essential fatty acid) was extracted from domestic brown rice bran using SCC (supercritical carbon dioxide), and the extracts were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
66 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Bl blending RBO with safflower oil, but not with sunflower oil, may magnify the hypocholesterolemic efficacy, and the possible mechanism underlying this effect may at least in part be related to the specific triglyceride structure of saffer oil, differing from that ofSunflower oil.
Abstract: Although scientific evidence is relatively limited, rice bran oil (RBO) is tenaciously believed to be a healthy vegetable oil in Asian countries. It exerts hypocholesterolemic activity in relation to more commonly used vegetable oils and is characterized by a relatively high content of non-fatty acid components, some of which are known to have beneficial health effects. Components specific for RBO such as gamma-oryzanol and tocotrienols could participate in its hypocholesterolemic effects. In addition, blending RBO with safflower oil, but not with sunflower oil, may magnify the hypocholesterolemic efficacy. This observation is of particular interest with regard to dietary intervention with RBO. The possible mechanism underlying this effect may at least in part be related to the specific triglyceride structure of safflower oil, differing from that of sunflower oil.
61 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that diets high in MUFAs from olive oil, peanut oil, or peanuts and peanut butter also lower concentrations of circulating triacylglycerols, which may enhance their salutary effect on CVD risk in contrast with either the Step II diet or the average American diet, which is high in SFAs (butter in this study).
54 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is suggested that chemical raw materials can best be obtained from natural resources and potential cancer chemopreventive agents could be synthesized using organic synthetic methods.
Abstract: We suggest that chemical raw materials can best be obtained from natural resources. Ferulic acid is easily prepared in large quantities from rice bran pitch, a blackish brown waste oil with high viscosity, discharged in the process of the rice bran oil production. As an application of ferulic acid, potential cancer chemopreventive agents could be synthesized using organic synthetic methods.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a monoglyceride-based autocatalytic esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in rice bran oil (RBO) containing high FFA (9.5 to 35.0% w/w) was examined at a high temperature (210°C) and under low pressure (10 mm Hg).
Abstract: Autocatalytic esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in rice bran oil (RBO) containing high FFA (9.5 to 35.0% w/w) was examined at a high temperature (210°C) and under low pressure (10 mm Hg). The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of monoglyceride in esterifying the FFA of RBO. The study showed that monoglycerides can reduce the FFA level of degummed, dewaxed, and bleached RBO to an acceptable level (0.5±0.10 to 3.5±0.19% w/w) depending on the FFA content of the crude oil. This allows RBO to be alkali refined, bleached, and deodorized or simply deodorized after monoglyceride treatment to obtain a good quality oil. The color of the refined oil is dependent upon the color of the crude oil used.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a multistep supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) procedure was used to extract sterols from plant lipid mixtures, which yielded enriched phytosterol fractions.
Abstract: Fractionation of sterols from plant lipid mixtures was accomplished using a multistep supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) procedure. Samples of seed oils, margarine, corn germ oil, and corn fiber oil were extracted to yield enriched phytosterol fractions. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was utilized to separate and determine the concentration of the plant sterols in the extracts from the various samples. The sterol concentration in the original samples varied from 2.2 mg/g in soybean oil to 13.2 mg/g in oil extracted from corn fiber. After the SFE-based fractionation of the samples, the sterol concentration was increased to 64.4 mg/g in the extract from soybean oil and 166.2 mg/g in the extract from corn fiber oil. Oil extracted from corn bran, which measured 8.6 mg/g in the original oil, increased to 322.2 mg/g using the fractionation process. The benign conditions utilized by SFE and SFC proved to be effective for the analyses of these compounds without inducing degradation of the analytes.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a convective mass transfer theory was used to predict the combustion rate of a C.I. engine run on blends between the plant oils and diesel oil, on a spherical model of 50 mm diameter.
Patent•
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04 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a food spread containing a mixture of an edible oil of natural origin and a monoglyceride is presented, where the ratio of oil to monoglycemy acid is specified.
Abstract: The present invention is of a food spread containing a mixture of an edible oil of natural origin and a monoglyceride. The oil is preferably one or more of the oils from the group of olive oil, avocado oil, canola oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil, rice bran oil, mustardseed oil, camelina oil, chia oil, flaxseed oil, perilla oil, fish oil or corn oil. More preferably an oil such as avocado oil or olive oil is used and most preferably the oil is olive oil. The monoglycerides used are preferably derivatives of oleic, or palmitic acid. The ratio of oil to monoglyceride is preferably from about 9 to about 1 to from about 49 to about 1 and most preferably from about 15 to about 1 to from about 24 to about 1. The more monoglyceride used, the greater the degree of solidity of the food spread at room temperature. It is therefore possible to produce a desired degree of solidity, by changing the proportion of monoglyceride.
TL;DR: The results of this study demonstrate that the rice bran was fermented in the cecum and that the metabolites such as propionic acid and butyric acid, and rice Bran oil may be effective in lowering cholesterol levels in the presence of excess cholesterol in the diet.
Patent•
09 Aug 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a method of refining a crude vegetable oil by removing insoluble material from the oil to provide a substantially clarified oil was proposed, which is useful for a wide variety of oils including soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, corn oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, perilla oil, castor oil, olive oil, tsubaki oil, coconut oil, etc.
Abstract: This invention relates to a method of refining a crude vegetable oil by removing insoluble material from the oil to provide a substantially clarified oil. The process comprises cooling the vegetable oil and maintaining the vegetable oil at the desired low temperature. The vegetable oil is then heated to provide an amount of a substantially clarified oil that can be separated from the insoluble material. The process is useful for a wide variety of oils including soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, corn oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, perilla oil, castor oil, olive oil, tsubaki oil, coconut oil, palm oil, hemp seed oil, tung oil, kapok oil, tea seed oil.
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: The use of rice bran oil as a processing aid in styrene butadiene rubber has already been investigated in this laboratory as discussed by the authors. Based on the encouraging results obtained from this study, we thought also of trying this oil inrubbers like nitrilebutadiene(NBR) and polychloroprene (CR).
Abstract: The use of rioe bran oil as a processing aid in styrene butadiene rubber has already been Investigated in this laboratory . Based on the encouraging results obtained from this study, we thought also of trying this oil inrubbers like nitrilebutadiene(NBR) and polychloroprene (CR) . In this study an attemptis madeto see whether rice bran oil which is a natural product, devoid of any toxic effects, can function as co-activator, antioxidant and as a processing aid in nitrile and as processing aid andantioxidant in polychloroprene rubber . The plasticizer, co-activator and antioxidant properties are compared with DOP, stearic acid and styrenated phenol, respectively, in the NBR vulcanization system and antioxidant, stearic acid and aromatic oil are replaced by the oil in the potychloroprene system . The mixes were evaluated for cure character- istics . Scorch time, cure time and the cure rate index values have shown that thisoil can effectively replace plasticizer, co-activator and antioxidant form NBR mixes and processing aid and antioxidant form CR systems. The evaluationof mechanicalproperties and ageing studies of the valcanizates also indicate that rice bran oil can be used as a multi-purpose additive in these rubbers.
TL;DR: The surface active properties and inhibition efficiency of the prepared cationic surfactants were determined by microanalysis, molecular weight determination, infra-red (IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectra.
Abstract: Cationic surfactants of 2-hidroxy-3-(2- alkylamidopolyethyl amino) propane-1-triethylammonium hydroxides (ix-xui) a-d were prepared from fatty acids (i) a-d [palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic acid] and mixed fatty acids of crude rice bran oil i e [RBO]. The reaction of these acids with ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine andletraethylenepentamine (ii) a-d produced (iii-vii) a-d . The produced amidopolyethylamine (iii-vii) a-d reacted with 2-epoxypropylenetriethylammonium chloride (viii) to give the cationic surfactants (ix-xiii) a-d . The produced derivatives were purified and characterized by microanalysis, molecular weight determination, infra-red (IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectra. The surface active properties and inhibition efficiency of the prepared cationic surfactants were determined.
Patent•
12 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a subject composition was proposed to obtain the subject composition giving an excellent smoothness to the skin after bathing, moistening effects after bathing and free from a feeling of stickiness after bathing by including plural kinds of lactose, rice germ oil or rice bran oil.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition giving an excellent smoothness to the skin after bathing, moistening effects after bathing, free from a feeling of stickiness after bathing, by including plural kinds of lactose, rice germ oil or rice bran oil, a cationic polymer and isostearyl alcohol. SOLUTION: This composition comprises two or more components as indispensable components selected from the group of (A) 0.5-30.0 wt.% of a lactose (either α form or β form will do), (B) 0.05-10.00 wt.% of a rice germ oil or rice bran oil, (C) 0.2-5.0 wt.% of a cationic polymer (preferably a water-soluble, e.g. quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ether composed of a glycidyl trimethyl ammonium halide and hydroxy ethyl cellulose) and (D) 0.1-5.0 wt.% of isostearyl alcohol. To obtain an aimed formulation an inorganic salt, an inorganic acid, an organic acid, an oil and fat, a polyhydric alcohol, a crude medicine, a herb, a perfume, a natural coloring matter, etc., are additionally formulated as appropriate for the purpose.
01 Jan 1999
Abstract: The effects of semi-purified extracts of rice bran were studied in restructured beef roasts to increase nutritional value and oxidative stability. Crude rice bran oil at 0, 1, and 2% (w/w) was added to restructured beef roasts that were stored at 4 °C and analyzed at 0, 7, and 14 d. Saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid (SFA/UFA) ratio decreased, vitamin E vitamers increased (p<0.05), and cholesterol decreased in the beef roasts with rice bran oil. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) numbers were lower (p<0.05) in the beef roasts with rice bran oil after 7 days of storage and the cholesterol oxidation product, 7-ketocholesterol, decreased in a similar manner. The addition of 2 % rice bran oil (RBO) was effective in increasing nutritional value and reducing the level of oxidative degradation. Beef roasts containing either rice fiber (RF) or RF/RBO had higher oxidative stability (p<0.05) during storage (0, 4, and 8 d) compared to control roasts, with no additive. TBARs value and 7-ketocholesterol of beef roasts with RF and RF/RBO were lower (p<0.05) than those o f the control during storage. SFA/UFA ratio was significantly reduced in beef roasts with additives, whereas vitamin E vitamers and UFA were higher (p<0.05) in the roasts with RF/RBO. Beef roasts containing RF and RBO were acceptable to consumers in sensory attributes. Cholesterol autoxidation was examined in an aqueous meat model system with different levels of nonsaponifiable fraction from rice bran (0, 700, 1400, and 2100 ppm). The effect of nonsaponifiable fraction was determined at 4 h intervals for 16 h at pH 5.5 and 80 °C. Increased oxidation time reduced (p<0.05) total vitamin E vitamers
TL;DR: In this article, the yield and quality of rice bran oil between enzyme pretreatment and ordinary cooking pretreatment (heat and dry) were examined and it was suggested that the condition of Rice bran had changed into the one in which the unsaponifiable matters including small amount of components effective for human body were extracted easily through enzyme pre-treatment.
Abstract: In the extraction of oil from rice bran, yield and quality of oil between enzyme pretreatment and ordinary cooking pretreatment (heat and dry) were examined. Yield of extracted oil was higher in enzyme pretreatment than in ordinary cooking pretreatment. In addition, total sterol and oryzanol contents were also higher in enzyme pretreatment. Therefore, it was suggested that the condition of rice bran had changed into the one in which the unsaponifiable matters including small amount of components effective for human body were extracted easily through enzyme pretreatment.
Patent•
15 Sep 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a cholesterol-reducing heart-protecting preparation is made up by using concentrated liquid medicine prepared by using carthamus flower, ligusticum root, salvia root and chrysanthemum flower through the processes of decoction, filtering and concentration as main raw material, and mixing it with safflower oil or sarsafflower oil and rice bran oil.
Abstract: The cholesterol-reducing heart-protecting preparation is made up by using concentrated liquid medicine prepared by using carthamus flower, ligusticum root, salvia root and chrysanthemum flower through the processes of decoction, filtering and concentration as main raw material, and mixing it with safflower oil or safflower oil and rice bran oil. The safflower oil and rice bran oil contain linolicacid which can further reduce the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (bad cholesterol) content in the cholesterol, so that said preparation possesses good actions of protecting heart and preventing and curing angiocardiopathy and cerebrovascular disease.
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: This paper evaluated the effect of rice bran oil (RBO) as an antioxidant in whole millc powder and found that RBO significantly affected the color of the powder and had no significant effect on flavor.
Abstract: Lipid autoxidation of whole millc powder (WMP) during storage lowers its organoleptic quality and causes accumulation of oxidation products. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-oryzanol (2.5%) rice bran oil (RBO) as an antioxidant in WMP. The powder was fortified with 0.1% and 0.2% RBO and its oxidation studied during accelerated storage at 45° C and 031 water activity for 40 days. Free radicals were determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Oxidation was estimated by determining thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and cholesterol oxidation products using gas chromatography. The effect of RBO on flavor and consumer preference of freshly manufactured milk powder was also evaluated. The oryzanol content of the WMP was 0.00 pg/g, 49.16 pg/g and 180.11 pg/g for 0.0%, 0.1% and 0.2% RBO fortified samples respectively. The a-tocopherol content was 0.00, 3.72 and 7.54 pg/g for 0.0%, 0.1% and 0.2% RBO fortified samples respectively. Addition of RBO significantly affected the color of the powder. The fortified powders had darker, more yellow color than control samples. Consumer tests showed that 0.2% RBO caused a detectable flavor change in milk powder, but at 0.1%, it had no significant effect on flavor. The RBO at 0.1% and 0.2% caused a significant reduction in free radicals during manufacture and after 10 days storage. High-heat powder had higher concentrations of free radicals than low-heat powder. Lipid oxidation was not significantly affected by RBO immediately after manufacture, but was significantly reduced by 0.1% and 0.2% RBO after storage for 10 or more days. The TBARS for all powder samples increased up to 30 days storage but reduced on further storage, probably due to their reaction with proteins. Rice bran oil did not have