Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 1999"

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of 67 controlled trials was performed to quantify the cholesterol-lowering effect of major dietary fibers, finding that increasing soluble fiber can make only a small contribution to dietary therapy to lower cholesterol.

TL;DR: Alpha-linolenic acid, found in green leafy vegetables, flaxseed, rapeseed, and walnuts, desaturates and elongates in the human body to EPA and DHA and by itself may have beneficial effects in health and in the control of chronic diseases.

TL;DR: The assembled data from many vitamin D supplementation studies reveal a curve for vitamin D dose versus serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] response that is surprisingly flat up to 250 microg (10000 IU) vitamin D/d.

TL;DR: In this review, the development of the intestinal microbiota is discussed in terms of initial acquisition and subsequent succession of bacteria in human infants and the advantages of modern molecular ecology techniques that provide sensitive and specific, culture-independent evaluation of the gastrointestinal ecosystem are introduced.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of observed differences in cognitive development between breast-fed and formula-fed children indicated that, after adjustment for appropriate key cofactors, breast-feeding was associated with significantly higher scores for cognitive development than was formula feeding.

TL;DR: Nutritionists should make a concerted effort to encourage the public to consume more beans in general and more soyfoods in particular to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

TL;DR: Data indicate reasonable reproducibility and validity of the major dietary patterns defined by factor analysis using dietary data collected with a food-frequency questionnaire with data from an FFQ.

TL;DR: The volatile essential oils of commonly used culinary herbs, spices, and herbal teas inhibit mevalonate synthesis and thereby suppress cholesterol synthesis and tumor growth.

TL;DR: Maternal malnutrition during early gestation was associated with higher BMI and waist circumference in 50-y-old women but not in men, and pertubations of central endocrine regulatory systems established in early gestation may contribute to the development of abdominal obesity in later life.

TL;DR: The health benefits of leanness are limited to fit men, and being fit may reduce the hazards of obesity.

TL;DR: The green tea extract may play a role in the control of body composition via sympathetic activation of thermogenesis, fat oxidation, or both and promotes fat oxidation beyond that explained by its caffeine content per se.

TL;DR: An overview of how probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may contribute toward nutritional modulation of the gut microecology, with emphasis on the neonatal intestine where appropriate is provided.

TL;DR: Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that restricting access to a palatable food enhances children's subsequent behavioral responses to, selection of, and intake of that restricted food.

TL;DR: The totality of the reviewed data suggests that an intake of 90-100 mg vitamin C/d is required for optimum reduction of chronic disease risk in nonsmoking men and women, suggesting a new RDA of 120 mg vitaminC/d.

TL;DR: Increased intake of whole grains may protect against CHD, and the lower risk associated with higher whole-grain intake was not fully explained by its contribution to intakes of dietary fiber, folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin E.

TL;DR: Neonatal conventionally reared mice and germ-free, deliberately colonized adult mice were used to examine the efficacy of certain intestinal microbes to drive the development of the humoral and cellular mucosal immune systems during neonatal life.

TL;DR: Experimental dietary studies in humans showed the capacity of vegetables and fruit and their constituents to modulate some of these potential disease-preventive mechanisms, including modulation of detoxification enzymes, stimulation of the immune system, and reduction of platelet aggregation.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that alkaline-producing dietary components, specifically, potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetables, contribute to maintenance of BMD is supported.

TL;DR: Waist circumference, which is relatively easy to measure, may help to identify children likely to have adverse concentrations of lipids and insulin.

TL;DR: A distinction between stearic acid and other saturated fats does not appear to be important in dietary advice to reduce CHD risk, in part because of the high correlation betweenStearic Acid and otheraturated fatty acids in typical diets.

TL;DR: It is shown that overweight at age 35 y could be predicted from BMI at younger ages, and a clinically applicable method is provided to assign an overweight child to a group with a known probability of high BMI values in adulthood.

TL;DR: The significance of in vitro measurements of RAG in relation to glycemic response in human studies is shown and could serve as a tool for investigating the importance of the amount, type, and form of dietary carbohydrates for health.

TL;DR: A high-MUFA, cholesterol-lowering diet may be preferable to a low-fat diet because of more favorable effects on the CVD risk profile.

TL;DR: This review synthesizes a subset of human epidemiologic and experimental animal studies that suggest that early nutrition affects susceptibility to chronic diseases in adulthood, and proposes a working definition of metabolic imprinting.

TL;DR: Step I and Step II dietary interventions have multiple beneficial effects on important cardiovascular disease risk factors and exercise resulted in greater decreases in TC, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol and prevented the decrease in HDL cholesterol associated with low-fat diets.

TL;DR: The IOTF convened a workshop on childhood obesity to determine the most appropriate measurement to assess obesity in populations of and adolescents around the world and concluded that the body mass index offered a reasonable measure with which to assess fatness in children and adolescents.

TL;DR: Data indicate an acceptable relative validity of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire in this study population, compared with measurements of total energy expenditure and protein excretion, however, only moderate agreement with both the food- frequency questionnaire and the 24-h dietary recalls was observed.

TL;DR: This study supports the hypothesis that a higher intake of α-linolenic acid is protective against fatal ischemic heart disease and higher consumption of foods such as oil-based salad dressing that provide polyunsaturated fats, including α-linsolenic Acid, may reduce the risk of fatal IHD.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that high intakes of vitamin K are associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in women is investigated and the suggestion for a reassessment of the vitamin K requirements that are based on bone health and blood coagulation is supported.