Showing papers on "Sawdust published in 1985"
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation and properties of polymerized corn cob powder and its composite (with sawdust and onion skin) ion-exchange resins for binding heavy-metal ions were described.
25 citations
TL;DR: Sawdust from Canarium schweinfurthii (Engl.), a common source of timber in the rainforest zone of Nigeria was subjected to various treatments to improve the nutrient content and aid the decomposition of the otherwise highly-lignified material as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Sawdust fromCanarium schweinfurthii (Engl.), a common source of timber in the rainforest zone of Nigeria was subjected to various treatments to improve the nutrient content and aid the decomposition of the otherwise highly-lignified material. The treatments were then either incorporated into the soil or added to the soil surface as a mulch in both greenhouse and field studies. The greenhouse studies involved two six-week sowings in the same soil while the field study involved 3 season sowings (2 rainly, one dry season) using maize (Zea mays L.var. Western yellow) as a test crop.
21 citations
TL;DR: Ozone treatment and fungal biodegradation of poplar sawdust increase its in vitro digestibility when performed independently, and it is shown that when these treatments are sequentially associated, they make the digestibility of sawdust comparable to that of straw, provided that the pH of the culture medium is controlled.
Abstract: Poplar lignocelluloses, 14C-labelled, on all the cell wall components or only the lignin moieties, were either irradiated with γ-rays from 60Co or treated with ozone. The two pretreatments increase the accessibility of cellulose to commercial cellulase and enhance, to the same extent, lignin and polysaccharide biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. As far as delignification is concerned ozone treatment appears, however, to be the most efficient through its effects both on lignin solubilization and lignin biodegradation. Ozone treatment and fungal biodegradation, of poplar sawdust increase its in vitro digestibility when performed independently. Moreover, we have shown that when these treatments are sequentially associated, they make the digestibility of sawdust comparable to that of straw, provided that the pH of the culture medium is controlled. These results open possibilities for the use of such transformed raw materials as animal feed.
15 citations
TL;DR: This process consisted of neutralization of autohydrolysed wood, extraction of lignin and alkali treatment of residual solids with 1.5% aqueous NaOH solution at 135°C for 1 h to increase the susceptibility of cellulose to cellulolytic enzymes.
15 citations
01 Jun 1985
TL;DR: One hundred and fifty soil samples collected from three climatologically different sites were screened for laccase production using lignin-guaiacol agar plates.
Abstract: One hundred and fifty soil samples collected from three climatologically different sites were screened for laccase production using lignin-guaiacol agar plates. All the 12 fungi isolated excepting one gave positive test for qualitative lignin degradation. Five fungi were selected further for quantitative study of wood/lignin degradation. The basidiomycetes proved to be better laccase producers and decomposers of wood/lignin. These gave comparable results to a known white-rot fungus,Polyporus versicolor (L.) Fr. and degraded wood sawdust causing a total weight loss of 7–8% and lignin loss up to 10% in 30 days.
13 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In terms of fuel preparation, handling and feeding, whole tree chips and pelletized sawdust are most desirable: therefore fixed and fluid-beds are widely used with wood fuels.
Abstract: The gasification of wood chars with CO2 and steam is an important process step in the conversion of biomass to fuel and synthesis gases. Wood fuels can be gasified in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and densities. Commonly, chips and pellets are suitable for fixed and fluidized beds while sawdust is preferred for entrained units. In terms of fuel preparation, handling and feeding, whole tree chips and pelletized sawdust are most desirable: therefore fixed and fluid-beds are widely used with wood fuels.
13 citations
12 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the rates for decomposition of both cellulose and wood (Douglas fir sawdust) have been examined by monitoring the transient formation of gaseous species.
Abstract: The rates for decomposition of both cellulose and wood (Douglas fir sawdust) have been examined by monitoring the transient formation of gaseous species. Since no significant difference was detected in the rate constants as determined by monitoring separately all major gaseous products,1 recent work has concentrated on measurement of only carbon monoxide, which is one of the principal gaseous reaction products over the temperature range studied. The rates obtained for cellulose decomposition by measuring carbon monoxide compare favorably with those determined by Min2 when measuring total volatile formation. Weight loss data, obtained by Bradbury et al.3 under vacuum conditions, showed faster reaction rates, indicating that pressure (in this case atmospheric) may suppress the volatiles forming reaction.
11 citations
Patent•
02 Apr 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a woody solidified fuel without forming clinker by consolidation of fuel ash was obtained by incorporating a specific amount of a calcium compound with woody fuel prepared by forming and granulating wood meal of scrap wood.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an woody solidified fuel without forming clinker by consolidation of fuel ash, by incorporating a specific amount of a calcium compound with a woody fuel prepared by forming and granulating wood meal of scrap wood. CONSTITUTION:Wood meal of woody scrap wood from a sawmill, e.g. mills ends, sawdust, bark, thinned wood, damaged scrap wood of pine weevil, etc., is formed and granulated into the form of pellets at high temperatures under high pressure to give a woody fuel, which is then incorporated with 0.2-3.2wt% calcium compound (preferred example; calcium carbonate powder) to afford the aimed woody solidified fuel. EFFECT:The resultant fuel ash is easily utilized as a fertilizer, and the improvement in the fertilizer effect is expected by addition of Ca.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of pumice and either bark, peat moss, or sawdust was used to form 6 potting media for composted sewage sludge.
Abstract: Composted sewage sludge was blended with pumice and either bark, peat moss, or sawdust to form 6 potting media. Increasing the proportion of compost in media from 25 to 50% caused increased initial...
TL;DR: The stability of locally produced cellulase from T. reesei was studied in this article, where the enzyme solution was stable at temperatures up to 45°C over which a gradual inactivation occured until 55-60°C.
Abstract: The stability of locally produced cellulase from T. reesei was studied. The enzyme solution was stable at temperatures up to 45°C over which a gradual inactivation occured until 55–60°C. A rapid loss of enzymatic activity was observed over 60°C and complete inactivation occurred at 70°C after only 1 h. The maximum enzymatic saccharification was obtained at 50°C and pH 6.5. The pretreatment of cellulosic wastes, bagasse, and sawdust from soft and hard wood was carried out in different solvents, chloroform, dioxan, dichloroethane, ethylacetate, and ethanol, for 8 h. These treatments increased the susceptibility of the cellulosic wastes to enzymatic saccharification. The bagasse was highly affected, followed by the sawdust from soft and hard wood, respectively.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Frequency of saprobic fungi increased in all the treatments except in sawdust, however, the frequency of parasitic fungi decreased and total free phenols, O-dihydroxyphenols and amino acids content increased in infected plants grown in amended soil.
Abstract: Amending the soil with sawdust, urea, cowdung, leafmold, castor, mustard and neem cakes was found effective in reducing the development of Meloidogyne incognito on tomato. However, mixture of sawdust with different oilcakes improved the growth of plant and reduced the infestation of root-knot nematode. The adverse effect of sawdust on plant growth was mitigated by addition of different nitrogen sources. Total free phenols, O-dihydroxyphenols and amino acids content increased in infected plants grown in amended soil. Frequency of saprobic fungi increased in all the treatments except in sawdust, however, the frequency of parasitic fungi decreased.
Patent•
07 Aug 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the diameter of the refractory lining is reduced so as to form a partition comprising in its centre a perforation, and secondary air inlets open into the edges of this perforations.
Abstract: Device for combustion of solid fuels such as coal, lignite and peat, wood, bark, sawdust, straw, great reed, maize cobs or other agricultural by-products and domestic waste, comprising essentially a boiler with a vertical cylindrical furnace This device is characterised in that the diameter of the refractory lining is, in its upper part, greatly reduced so as to form a partition comprising in its centre a perforation, and secondary air inlets open into the edges of this perforation Combustion of solid fuels such as coal, lignite and peat, wood, bark, sawdust, straw, great reed, maize cobs or other agricultural by-products and domestic waste
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated airflow resistance through variable height columns of wood chips and sawdust by means of the pressure drop across an orifice plate, and found that the response for chips was similar in both actual value and slope to the flow characteristics of similar size products such as bean pods.
Abstract: AIRFLOW resistance through variable height columns of wood chips and sawdust was evaluated by means of the pressure drop across an orifice plate. Input pressure to the bottom of the column was controlled by means of a sliding gate valve or damper on the supply fan air intake. Flow per unit of cross section plotted against input pressure per unit of bed depth yielded the expected straight line response on a log-log plot. The response for chips was similar in both actual value and slope to the flow characteristics of similar size products such as bean pods. The flow through sawdust was similar to the flow through fescue seed. Coefficients for the classical airflow equation were evaluated from the data.
Patent•
18 Oct 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-molecular flocculant is used to grow dispersed oil particles into coarse flocs, which are then sent to a pressure flotation tank and mixed with air dissolved water from an air dissolving tank to be floated as oil-containing sludge.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce the clogging of filter cloth by absorbing an oil component by sawdust, by adding sawdust and a flocculant to separated oil-containing sludge and filtering the resulting mixture under pressure. CONSTITUTION:Waste water, wherein an emulsion of water and oil is formed, temporarily stored in a water storage tank 2 is sent to a mixing and stirring tank 3 by a pump to receive pH adjustment. Subsequently, an inorg. flocculant is added to waste water to lower the surface charge of dispersed oil particles and a high-molecular flocculant is added to grow dispersed oil particles into coarse flocs. These flocs are sent to a pressure flotation tank 4 and mixed with air dissolved water from an air dissolving tank 5 to be floated as oil-containing sludge which is, in turn, collected in a recovery tank 7. Next, the sludge sent to a sludge conditioning tank 11 is adjusted in its viscosity and, when sawdust and a flocculant are added to said sludge, the oil component formed into floc by the flocculant is strongly adsorbed by the surface of sawdust and, thereafter, receives press filtering treatment in the adsorbed state.
Patent•
07 Nov 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for the elimination of mineral oil from waters by binding the mineral oil to an oil absorbing solid material, where the binder used is sawdust treated with hydrophobic silicic acid is described.
Abstract: Process for the elimination of mineral oil from waters by binding the mineral oil to an oil-absorbing solid material, where the binder used is sawdust treated with hydrophobic silicic acid. By this means, a cheap and effective elimination of mineral oil is possible.
Patent•
27 May 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a soil conditioning material being mass-produced in a short period easily and simply, improving soil with poor water retention, making it into soil suitable for growth of crops, comprising smoked and carbonized wooden powder or granule.
Abstract: PURPOSE:A soil conditioning material being mass-produced in a short period easily and simply, improving soil with poor water retention, making it into soil suitable for growth of crops, comprising smoked and carbonized wooden powder or granule. CONSTITUTION:Wooden powder or granule comprising wood powder or granule such as sawdust, etc., or pieces of thin foil is charbonized, charcoal is crushed into pieces, sieved, smoked and carbonized. The smoked charcoal is directly applied to plowland or it is blended with a raw material of barnyard manure such as fowl droppings, cow dung, treated sludge of excretions, garbage, etc., the blend is fermented, and applied to plowed land. EFFECT:Physical properties of soil will not change for a long time.
TL;DR: In this paper, an autodynamic pretreatment was used to enhance sugar yields from enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat and rape straw, beech, birch, and poplar sawdust.
Abstract: Autohydrolysis was studied as a pretreatment to enhance sugar yields from enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat and rape straw, beech, birch and poplar sawdust. Reaction temperatures were 185°C to 212°C and the reaction time 20 min. The pretreated slurries were hydrolyzed with “Novo” cellulase and Fusarium sp. 27 cellulase at 45°C and pH 4.8 for 24 h with addition of Fusarium sp. 27 cellbound cellobiase. From 85% to 90% sugar content of substrates were converted to reducing sugars after 24 h enzymatic hydrolysis, with exception of poplar wood.
10.8 g biomass was obtained after cultivation of Fusarium sp. 27 with water solution hemicellulose fraction from 100 g beech sawdust autohydrolyzed at 200°C during 20 min.
Patent•
02 May 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of refractory clay and/or kaolin, liquid or solid water-soluble inorganic binder, water and, as pore former, a combustible organic substance from husks of rice, wheat, oats, rye or barley, was described.
Abstract: 1. Thermally insulating composition formed of a mixture of refractory clay and/or kaolin, liquid or solid water-soluble inorganic binder, water and, as pore former, a combustible organic substance from husks of rice, wheat, oats, rye or barley, sawdust or cellulose mush or a mixture thereof, characterised by 20 to 50 parts by weight of refractory clay and/or kaolin, 5 to 30 parts by weight of liquid or soluble water-soluble inorganic binder, 5 to 50 parts by weight of water and 50 to 180 parts by volume per 100 parts by volume of the remainder of the mixture of combustible organic material, pre-impregnated with a liquid inorganic binder.
Patent•
29 Aug 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a waste fuel composition, obtained by incorporating heavy oil sludge or waste lubricating oil with adjusted moisture with sawdust and powder of niter or celluloid, reclaimable easily at a low cost and usually usable alone.
Abstract: PURPOSE:A waste fuel composition, obtained by incorporating heavy oil sludge or waste lubricating oil with adjusted moisture with sawdust and powder of niter or celluloid, reclaimable easily at a low cost, and usually usable alone. CONSTITUTION:A waste fuel composition obtained by incorporating (A) 60- 80wt% heavy oil sludge or waste lubricating oil with moisture adjusted to 30wt% or below with (B) 18.5-34.5wt% sawdust and (C) 0.5-1.5wt% powder or niter or celluloid. EFFECT:The composition in a granular form with a high oil content is convenient for packaging and handling and ignited with one match, and has combustion lasting properties without emitting soot nor smoke causing pollution.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Beech sawdust was subjected to autohydrolysis (200 degrees C) and acid hydrolysis in the presence of HCl and AlCl3 and found HCl-catalyzed hydrolyzing was favourable method to hydrolytic beech sawdust hemicellulose.
Abstract: Beech sawdust was subjected to autohydrolysis (200 degrees C) and acid hydrolysis in the presence of HCl and AlCl3. HCl-catalyzed hydrolysis was favourable method to hydrolysis beech sawdust hemicellulose. The crude and pretreated hydrolysates were tested as substrates for ethanol production by Fusarium sp. 27. Reducing sugars were fermented to ethanol by the strain Fusarium sp. 27 in yield 0.22 g ethanol per gram reducing sugars consumed.
Patent•
16 Apr 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel mushroom compost composition which includes as one of its components hemlock sawdust is disclosed, in one embodiment, the mushroom compost comprises hemlocks sawdust and at least one mushroom nutrient.
Abstract: MUSHROOM COMPOST ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A novel mushroom compost composition which includes as one of its components hemlock sawdust is disclosed. In one embodiment, the mushroom compost comprises hemlock sawdust and at least one mushroom nutrient.
Patent•
04 Jul 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a treating tank is filled with sawdust discharged from a sawmill or fine wooden pieces prepared from material wood by a fine wooden piece preparing apparatus or/and an inorg.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To effectively treat various malodorous components by adsorption and microbiological reaction, by sending malodorous gas into a mixture consisting of fine wooden pieces with specific water content or/and an inorg. porous material. CONSTITUTION:A treating tank is filled with sawdust discharged from a sawmill or fine wooden pieces prepared from material wood by a fine wooden piece preparing apparatus or/and an inorg. adsorbing material such as zeolite and colloform clay. The moisture of a treating medium containing fine wooden pieces is held to 60% and the optimum propagation condition of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in fine wooden pieces and a condition corresponding to the midway thereof are successively repeated to send air containing malodorous components to the treating tank. Said malodorous components receive the decomposition and digestion due to microbiological activity in addition to the adsorption with the treating medium to be deodorized.
Patent•
18 Sep 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of sawdust and a bonding agent is used to give objects a bark-like surface, and a cold water soluble cellulose adhesive with a proportion of approximately 5 to 20 % is added to the mass as an ingredient.
Abstract: of EP00968211. Mass for coating objects so as to give them a bark-like surface, the mass containing sawdust and a bonding agent, characterized in that the proportion of sawdust is 60 to 85 % by weight, a cold-setting adhesive on a polyvinylacetate base is used as the bonding agent and has a proportion of approximately 10 to 30 % by weight and a cold water soluble cellulose adhesive with a proportion of approximately 5 to 20 % by weight is in addition added to the mass as an ingredient.
30 Jun 1985
TL;DR: The amino and total nitrogen and sugar content of fructification and substrates (sawdust, straw, bark) was analyzed as discussed by the authors, and it was found that fungi have a high nutritive value.
Abstract: The amino and total nitrogen and sugar content of fructification and substrates (sawdust, straw, bark) was analyzed Fungi were found to have a high nutritive value.