Showing papers on "Section (archaeology) published in 2017"
TL;DR: Uncertainty propagation based on detailed description of uncertainties in neutron- and charged-particle-induced activation cross sections measured in the authors' studies is discussed.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element analysis was performed on a wide range of cold-formed steel built-up section beams with different sizes of perforations under four-point bending and the critical elastic local and distortional buckling moments including the influence of holes that are required in DSM calculation were determined by rational finite strip analysis.
Abstract: The flexural behaviour including the moment capacities and failure modes of cold-formed steel built-up sections with circular web holes was investigated. Finite element analysis was performed on a wide range of cold-formed steel built-up section beams with different sizes of perforations under four-point bending. The built-up sections included both I-shaped open sections assembled from two lipped channels back-to-back and box-shaped closed sections assembled from two plain channels face-to-face. Finite element (FE) models have been developed to simulate the simply-supported cold-formed steel built-up section beams. The FE models for the built-up open sections and built-up closed sections were verified against the test results that have been conducted by the authors. The validated models were employed to carry out extensive parametric studies on cold-formed steel built-up section beams with various section slenderness and hole sizes. The beam strengths obtained from the numerical analysis together with the available test data were compared with the design strengths calculated from the current direct strength method (DSM). The critical elastic local and distortional buckling moments including the influence of holes that are required in DSM calculation were determined by rational finite strip analysis. It is shown that the DSM formulae in the North American Specification AISI S100-16 are capable for predicting the design strengths of the built-up open section beams with holes, while are quite conservative for the closed section beams with holes. Modifications are proposed for the DSM formulae for built-up closed section beams with holes. In this study, the current DSM was extended to cover the cold-formed steel built-up open and closed section beams with holes.
44 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper described the application of a comprehensive surface geophysical investigation of underground karst systems ahead of the tunnel face in the Xiaoheyan section in the main line of the water supply project from Songhua River, located in Jilin, China.
44 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rotating machinery and gives an explicit description to the concept of RUL prediction and illustrates the major processes of the Rul prediction.
Abstract: This chapter focuses on the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rotating machinery. It first gives an explicit description to the concept of RUL prediction and illustrates the major processes of the RUL prediction. Then, two categories of RUL prediction methods, that is, data-driven methods and model-based methods are discussed in details, respectively. In the section of data-driven methods, the commonly strategy of this kind of methods is explained. And a relevance vector machine based prediction method is described as an example. In the section of model-based methods, the classification of the models is first introduced. Then, three prediction methods are described in details, which are based on the exponential model, polynomial model, and Paris–Erdogan model, respectively. By the end of the chapter, the prospects of the RUL prediction for rotating machinery are provided.
43 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: A definition is formed by means of a general description of the characteristics of FinTechs and an enumeration of the individual segments that make up the FinTech market.
Abstract: Currently there is not a universally accepted definition of the term “FinTech.” The following section provides a brief survey of its use within existing scholarly literature. A definition is formed by means of a general description of the characteristics of FinTechs and an enumeration of the individual segments that make up the FinTech market.
40 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: Canty et al. as mentioned in this paper presented an empirical model of global climate developed by the authors and used that model to show that global warming will likely remain below 2oC, relative to preindustrial, throughout this century provided: a) both the unconditional and conditional Paris INDC commitments are followed; b) the emission reductions needed to achieve the Paris InDCs are carried forward to 2060 and beyond.
Abstract: This volume presents an Empirical Model of Global Climate developed by the authors and uses that model to show that global warming will likely remain below 2oC, relative to preindustrial, throughout this century provided: a) both the unconditional and conditional Paris INDC commitments are followed; b) the emission reductions needed to achieve the Paris INDCs are carried forward to 2060 and beyond.
The first section of the book provides a short overview of Earth’s climate system, describing and contrasting climatic changes throughout the planet’s history and anthropogenic changes post-Industrial Revolution. The second section describes the climate model developed by the authors (Canty et al., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013) and contrasts the model with climate models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2013 Report. Chapter 3 examines both the unconditional (i.e., firm commitments) and conditional Paris INDCs (commitments contingent on financial flow and/or technology transfer) through the lens of their climate model and concludes that if all of the Paris INDCs are followed, then they are indeed a beacon of hope for Earth’s climate. The fourth part of the book offers a perspective of energy needs and subsequent emissions reductions required to meet the Paris temperature goals, illuminating challenges faced both in the developing world and the developed world.
Throughout the book, easy-to-understand charts and graphics illustrate concepts. The scientific basis of Chapters 2 and 3 was first presented in a keynote session of the 96th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society in January, 2016.
38 citations
TL;DR: The authors combine narrative disclosures in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) Section of 10-K reports with financial variables to generate explicit firm-level forecasts of 1-ye...
Abstract: In this article, we combine narrative disclosures in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) Section of 10-K reports with financial variables to generate explicit firm-level forecasts of 1-ye...
33 citations
01 Jan 2017
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a contribution to the IGCP 630 “Permian-Triassic rainfall extremes and biotic response: climate and environmental extremes and their response.
30 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: An updated stratigraphy of the Rauchkofel Boden Section, a classical reference section for the Carnic Alps that exposes rocks from the Katian (Upper Ordovician) to the Pragian (Lower Devonian) is presented in this article.
Abstract: An updated stratigraphy of the Rauchkofel Boden Section, a classical reference section for the Carnic Alps that exposes rocks from the Katian (Upper Ordovician) to the Pragian (Lower Devonian) is here presented, following latest developments in conodont taxonomy and biostratigraphy, as well as in chrono stratigraphy, and the recent introduction of a new lithostratigraphic outline of the Carnic Alps. The original conodont collection of the ’70s and ʼ80s was restudied and complemented by a detailed resampling in order to achieve a more precise conodont biostratigraphic assignment. Twenty-five conodont Zones are now documented. The lithostratigraphy is precisely fixed to the new lithostratigraphic scheme of the Pre-Variscan sequence by definition of seven distinct formations. Finally, the position of chronostratigraphic boundaries is discussed.
01 May 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new microscopic lane-changing simulation model for vehicle merging, which is a tactical, dynamic optimizing process with a series of decision-making operations.
Abstract: Vehicle merging is a tactical, dynamic optimizing process with a series of decision-making operations. Existing microscopic lane-changing simulation models have been criticized that they do...
Patent•
05 Jan 2017TL;DR: In this article, a path plan generating apparatus 10 corrects an RRT path plan that a path planner generating section 22 has generated by processing based on the RRT algorithm, by a path path plan correcting section 23 by processing on the potential method.
Abstract: A path plan generating apparatus 10 corrects an RRT path plan that an RRT path plan generating section 22 has generated by processing based on the RRT algorithm, by a path plan correcting section 23 by processing based on the potential method. If the corrected path plan becomes a path plan with which interference between the mobile body 1 and an obstacle A is unavoidable, the apparatus 10 causes the RRT path plan generating section 22 to generate a new RRT path plan.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a multi-index evaluation model for the rockfall risk assessment based on normal cloud model theory, and the results obtained by the cloud model method are in good agreement with the practical situation.
Abstract: In mountainous regions, rockfall is a typical geological disaster which might bring immense casualties and economic losses, but also endanger the safety of civil engineering construction. Many tunnels are being built in the southwest of China, thus a comprehensive assessment for rockfall risk is needed. For this purpose, in this paper, based on normal cloud model theory, we created a multi-index evaluation model for the rockfall risk assessment. Then, according to previous research and specific geological conditions, potential tunnel dangers are classified into four ranks, and some geological factors are considered as the principal factors. In order to fully express the opinions of experts, the qualitative indices were quantified by continuous value scale. Moreover, the value of each index is determined by expert scoring. In view of different evaluation units, we used the normalization method to make geological indices dimensionless. And three numerical characteristics (Ex, En, and He) were calculated by the cloud generator algorithm with MATLAB. In this study, we assigned the weight of indices by simple dependent function to avoid the influence of subjective. Finally, by means of a normal cloud generator, we determined the integrated certainty grades. To ensure the accuracy of the normal cloud model method, it was tested in rockfall cases in Jiefangcun tunnel. And the results obtained by the cloud model method are in good agreement with the practical situation. Moreover, the results are better than those of the AHP-FUZZY and artificial neural networks methods after comparison. The cloud model-based method realizes a multi-criteria assessment of the rockfall risk in tunnel portal section and provides a practical guide on safe tunnel construction for similar projects.
TL;DR: In this article, the springback behavior of AA6061 strip with non-uniform thickness using the Taguchi method was studied, and results determine that the most significant parameter is bend angle, followed by thickness ratio, and then by the alignment of the specimen during the bending process.
Abstract: Establishing a non-uniform thickness section is considered one of the most effective approaches to reduce automotive part weight. Low weight results in low fuel consumption, which is good for the environment. Thickness is the most significant parameter to formability; therefore, forming a section with non-uniform thickness becomes a great challenge. An incorrect decision may result in a severe defect, and one of the main concerns is springback. This study focuses on the springback behavior of AA6061 strip with non-uniform thickness using the Taguchi method. Three parameters (i.e., thickness ratio, bend angle, and alignment) are studied, and results determine that the most significant parameter is bend angle, followed by thickness ratio, and then by the alignment of the specimen during the bending process.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Lower La Vedova Beach section to construct an astronomical time scale for the younger part of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) in the Mediterranean.
Abstract: The early–middle Miocene, marked by the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) followed by the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT) towards cooler temperatures, represents a crucial period in Earth’s climate evolution. To understand this episode and reconstruct its origin and the regional impact of the observed global changes, it is critical that high-resolution astronomical age models are developed for climate sensitive regions around the world. One of these areas undoubtedly is the Mediterranean, but so far no such an age model has been established for the interval of the MMCO. Nevertheless, this interval is well exposed in the coastal cliffs along the Adriatic Sea near Ancona (Italy), where it is characterized by the occurrence of 7 conspicuous limestone beds, termed megabeds, alternating with marl intervals. Here, we use the Lower La Vedova Beach section to construct an astronomical time scale for the younger part of the MMCO in the Mediterranean. The tuning to ~ 100-kyr eccentricity seems robust, but is less certain for precession in some intervals, as a consequence of the less clearly developed internal structure of the basic precession related cycles and uncertainties in the phase relation with climatic precession and insolation and in the astronomical solution in terms of tidal dissipation and dynamical ellipticity values. The tuning nevertheless provides astronomical ages for calcareous plankton events and magnetic reversals for the interval between 16.3 and 15.0 Ma. Individual megabeds are related to the ~ 100-kyr eccentricity cycle corresponding to eccentricity minima and the megabed interval itself is partly controlled by the 405-kyr cycle, as it marks two successive minima and the maximum in between. However, no relation with very long period eccentricity cycles (2.4 and 1 myr) is evident, and a link to regional tectonic processes (a major orogenic phase at the base of the Langhian and the likely associated Langhian transgression) seems more plausible. The higher sedimentation rate in the megabeds can be explained by the additional preservation of biogenic silica, which may also account for the diluted planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. With the integrated magnetobiostratigraphy and the tuning to eccentricity and to precession/insolation, the Lower La Vedova Beach section meets key requirements for defining the Langhian GSSP.
TL;DR: In this article, a 54.7 km-long section of railway through the Canadian Cordillera is examined that experiences, on average, 18 rock falls each year, and several freight train operation strategies are proposed that comply with a tolerable level of risk.
Abstract: Rock falls represent a large percentage of landslide-related hazards reported by Canadian railways in mountainous terrain. A 54.7 km-long section of railway through the Canadian Cordillera is examined that experiences, on average, 18 rock falls each year. An approach for rock fall hazard management is developed based on quantified risk. The approach focuses on defining railway operation procedures (freight train operations and track maintenance) that comply with quantified risks. Weather-based criteria that define periods when rock falls are more likely to occur along the study area are examined. These criteria are used herein to reduce exposure to rock falls and reduce their consequences. Several freight train operation strategies are proposed that comply with a tolerable level of risk adopted in this study for illustrative purposes. The approach provides a simple, flexible and practical strategy for railway operations that can be regularly adopted by the operators, and that is based on a more co...
TL;DR: In this article, an analytical model to predict the velocity-dipposition at the central section of open channels is presented, which is derived by using entropy theory, using the principle of maximum entropy.
Abstract: An analytical model to predict the velocity-dip-position at the central section of open channels is presented in this study. Unlike the previous studies where empirical or semi-empirical models were suggested, in this study the model is derived by using entropy theory. Using the principle of maximum entropy, the model for dip-position is derived by maximizing the Shannon entropy function after assuming dimensionless dipposition at the central section as a random variable. No estimation of empirical parameter is required for calculating dip-position from the proposed model. The model is able to predict the location of maximum velocity at the central section of an open channel with any aspect ratio. The developed model of velocity-dipposition is tested with experimental data from twenty-two researchers reported in literature for a wide range of aspect ratio. The model is also compared with other existing empirical models. The present model shows good agreement with the observed data and provides least prediction error compared to other models.
20 Feb 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach is presented in which the targets and thereby the trajectories of the wells are optimized while the geological uncertainties are taken into account, which is achieved by using an ensemble of updated reservoir models resulting from assisted history matching (AHM) as the input for the optimization of the field development plan.
Abstract: A key objective in any reservoir development plan is to achieve maximum reservoir exploitation which is usually quantified using an economic objective such as net present value (NPV). A key element of such an optimized development plan is an optimized well planning scheme (number, placement and trajectories of the wells). In the well planning phase, it is important to quantify the geological uncertainty. In this study, a new approach is presented in which the targets and thereby the trajectories of the wells are optimized while the geological uncertainties are taken into account. The latter is achieved by using an ensemble of updated reservoir models resulting from assisted history matching (AHM) as the input for the optimization of the field development plan. For the case presented in this study, the reservoir structure, more specific the top and bottom of the reservoir, is assumed to be the main source of uncertainty. To optimize the well targets and trajectories, the Stochastic Simplex Approximate Gradients (StoSAG) methodology is used. A parameterization of the well path is proposed, in which the angles, azimuths and measured depths of the targets are used as controls to optimize the trajectories of the horizontal wells. With this parameterization, the horizontal section is not always straight, in contrast to the approaches presented in many previous publications. The proposed workflow has been applied successfully on a realistic synthetic case inspired from a real field case. The results show that significant increases in objective function can be achieved when well trajectories are optimized constrained to uncertainties in the structural model
01 Oct 2017
TL;DR: This data indicates that traffic flow, its characteristics, and road quality service are usually estimated by using aggregated and averaged data from multiple lanes; however, in real experiences, there is significa...
Abstract: Traffic flow, its characteristics, and road quality service are usually estimated by using aggregated and averaged data from multiple lanes; however, in real experiences, there is significa...
01 Sep 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the measurement results of the first cool-down of the CPS of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment.
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment uses the kinematics of tritium β-decay to determine the effective neutrino mass with a sensitivity of mν = 200 meV/c2 (90% C.L.). In order to measure the decay electrons it is important to guide them adiabatically from the source to the spectrometer. In addition the diffusion of tritium into the spectrometers from the source has to be reduced by 14 orders of magnitude as tritium inside the spectrometers would induce additional background. For these two tasks the transport and pumping section were constructed. The last part of this section is the Cryogenic Pumping Section (CPS), which aims to reduce the residual gas flow by more than seven orders of magnitude. For this a cold argon frost surface, with a ≈ 2 m) area that is maintained at 3 K, will be prepared to adsorb the incoming tritium molecules. Before the whole KATRIN setup will be connected together the performance of CPS will be tested on its own. This poster presents the measurement results of the first cool-down of the CPS. This work was supported by the GRK1694 and the Helmholtz Association.
TL;DR: A comparative study of water-entry problems was conducted as a focused session of ISOPE-2016, Rhodes by the International Hydrodynamic Committee (IHC) as discussed by the authors, and thirteen institutions participated, and twenty different numerical results were investigated and compared with one another and with model test data.
Abstract: A comparative study of a water-entry problem was conducted as a focused session of ISOPE-2016, Rhodes by the International Hydrodynamic Committee (IHC) of ISOPE. Thirteen institutions participated, and twenty different numerical results were investigated and compared with one another and with model test data. Some promising results were obtained even though there is still a long way to go to draw general conclusions. Four numerical cases were investigated, and several measures of comparison have been discussed.
10 Jan 2017
TL;DR: This ‘‘Focused Section on Intelligent Robotics for Rehabilitation and Human Assistance’’ of the International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications highlights several important technology achievements in design, modeling and control of rehabilitation and human assistive robotic systems.
Abstract: The recent years witness an increasing demand for rehabilitation and human assistive devices that maximize the effectiveness/efficiency of the clinical therapy and develop innovative solutions to promote independent living of senior citizens as well as persons. Intelligent robotics plays a central role in the development of these rehabilitation and human assistive devices. Moreover, recent advances in computational intelligence, and sensing and control technologies enable new applications in human motion analysis, diagnosis, monitoring and feedback allowing more autonomous personalized treatments without the need for constant therapist interaction. In an effort to disseminate current advances and identify challenges and opportunities, this ‘‘Focused Section on Intelligent Robotics for Rehabilitation and Human Assistance’’ of the International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications (IJIRA) highlights several important technology achievements in design, modeling and control of rehabilitation and human assistive robotic systems. The Focused Section includes six papers out of seventeen submissions that represent a sample of current developments of intelligent robotics for rehabilitation and human assistance. The paper ‘‘Bilateral control of functional electrical stimulation and robotics-based tele-rehabilitation’’ from Alibeji et al. presents a position-synchronization control system for functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based tele-rehabilitation to provide remotely controlled physical assistance. The proposed controller synchronizes an FESdriven human limb with a remote physical therapist’s robotic manipulator despite constant bilateral communication delays. The controller overcomes a major stability analysis challenge under the unknown and unstructured nonlinearities in the FES-driven musculoskeletal dynamics through neural network models and an adaptation design. The performance of the state synchronization controller is validated through demonstrated bilateral control of FESelicited leg extension and a human-operated robotic manipulator. The second paper ‘‘Estimating the multivariable human ankle impedance in dorsi-plantarflexion and inversion–eversion directions using EMG signals and artificial neural networks’’ from Dallali et al. describes a new modeling framework for the relationship between the ankle impedance and lower extremity muscle activations. Such relationship is crucial for control and design of ankle–foot prosthesis for transtibial amputees. The authors propose to use artificial neural networks (ANN) to characterize the relationship between the lower extremity muscle EMG signals and the ankle impedance in the sagittal and frontal planes. Anklebot, a highly back-drivable, safe, and therapeutic robot is used to apply stochastic position perturbations to the human ankle in dorsi-plantar-flextion (DP) and inversion-eversion (IE) directions. The promising results of this study show that a similar approach can be used during human dynamic walking. The work from Zhang and Ye is on ‘‘RGB-D camera based walking pattern recognition by support vector & Jingang Yi jgyi@rutgers.edu
TL;DR: Shin et al. as discussed by the authors investigated an innovative method of avoiding brittle fracture at the beam-column connection welds of steel moment frames in earthquakes by introducing large openings into the web to shift the location of inelasticity away from the connections.