Showing papers on "Social change published in 1997"
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Narayan and Pritchett as discussed by the authors matched a measure of social capital with data on household income in certain rural villages in Tanzania, and showed that social capital is indeed both capital (in that it raises incomes) and social (that household incomes depend on village, not just household, social capital).
Abstract: Matching a measure of social capital with data on household income in certain rural villages in Tanzania shows that social capital is indeed both capital (in that it raises incomes) and social (in that household incomes depend on village, not just household, social capital). Narayan and Pritchett construct a measure of social capital in rural Tanzania, using data from the Tanzania Social Capital and Poverty Survey (SCPS), a large-scale survey that asked individuals about the extent and characteristics of their associational activity and their trust in various institutions and individuals. They match this measure of social capital with data on household income in the same villages (both from the SCPS and from an earlier household survey, the Human Resources Development Survey). In doing so, they show that social capital is indeed both capital (in that it raises incomes) and social (in that household incomes depend on village, not just household, social capital). The magnitude of social capital's effect on incomes is impressive: a one standard deviation increase in village social capital increases a household proxy for income by at least 20 to 30 percent. This is as great an impact as an equivalent increase in nonfarming assets, or a tripling of the level of education. Data from the two surveys make it possible to identify some of the proximate channels through which social capital affects incomes: better publicly provided services, more community activity, greater use of modern agricultural inputs, and greater use of credit in agriculture. This paper - a joint product of Social Development, and Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand the social determinants of sustainable development.
1,330 citations
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01 Jan 1997TL;DR: In this article, a sociological study of childhood is presented, focusing on the structure of childhood and children's Interpretive Reproductions in the context of social change, families and children.
Abstract: Part I. The Sociological Study of Childhood 1. Social Theories of Childhood Sociology's Rediscovery of Childhood Traditional Theories: Socialization Children's Understanding of Conservation of Mass Interpretive Reproduction: Children Collectively Participate in Society Do Chips Have Blood on Them? From Individual Progression to Collective Reproductions 2. The Structure of Childhood and Children's Interpretive Reproductions Assumptions of the Structural Perspective The New American Grandparent Age and Gender in Hausa Society Childhood, Children's Activities, and Interpretive Reproduction in Peer Culture Three Kinds of Collective Action Preschool Children's Secondary Adjustments to Teacher's Rules 3. Studying Children and Childhood Macrolevel Methods Microlevel Methods Nontraditional Methods in Studying Children Ethical Issues in Researching Children's Lives Part II. Children, Childhood and Families in Historical and Cultural Context 4. Historical Views of Childhood and Children Philippe Aries's Centuries of Childhood The Debate Regarding Grand-Stage Theories of the Family and Childhood The New History of Childhood The Newsies 5. Social Change, Families and Children Examining Changes in Families From the Children's Perspective Children's Everyday Lives in Families Amy Sticks Up for Her Mom The Effects of Recent Socioeconomic Changes on Children and Childhood in Western Societies What Is a Family? Racial and Ethnic Diversity of the Population of Children and Youth The Lives of Immigrant Children The Effects of Recent Socioeconomic Changes on Children and Childhood in Developing Societies Part III. Children's Cultures 6. Children's Peer Cultures and Interpretive Reproduction Examining Peer Culture from Children's Perspective Central Importance of Peer Culture in Interpretive Reproduction Symbolic Aspects of Children's Cultures Material Aspects of Children's Cultures Children, Parents, and Consumer Culture 7. Sharing and Control in Initial Peer Cultures Central Themes in Children's Initial Peer Cultures Friendship, Sharing, and Social Participation The Little Chairs Routine Access Rituals in an American Preschool Italian Children's Production of the Cantilena in Discussione Autonomy and Control in Peer Culture Two Husbands Non C'E Zuppa Inglese The Walking Bucket La Strega 8. Conflict and Differentiation in the Initial Peer Culture Conflict and Peer Relations Bad Wolves Do Not Exist Social Differentiation in Initial Peer Cultures 9. Pre-Adolescent Peer Cultures Peer Cultures in Preadolescence Friendship Processes in Preadolescent Peer Cultures Autonomy and Identity in Preadolescent Peer Cultures Cradle of Love Disputes, Conflict, Friendships, and Gender Boys and Cooties Generation M: Electronic Media in the Lives of Preadolescents and Adolescents Effects and Process of Media Use in the Lives of Preadolescents and Adolescents Part IV. Children, Social Problems, and the Future of Childhood 10. Children, Social Problems, and the Family Changing Family Structures and Children's Lives Work, Families, and Childhood Divorce and Its Effects on Children Child Abuse in the Family 11. Children, Social Problems and Society Poverty and the Quality of Children's Lives The Abraham Lincoln of Child Workers Growing Up Fast: The Story of Nicholas Teen Pregnancy and Nonmarital Births Violence, Victimization, and the Loss of Childhood Bullying: Patterns and Trends 12. The Future of Childhood The Major Challenges Some More Modest Proposals to Enrich Children's Lives
1,309 citations
TL;DR: An interdependence analysis of social value orientation revealed that relative to individualists and competitors, prosocial individuals exhibited greater levels of secure attachment and reported having more siblings, especially sisters.
Abstract: The authors adopt an interdependen ce analysis of social value orientation, proposing that prosocial, individualistic, and competitive orientations are (a) partially rooted in different patterns of social interaction as experienced during the periods spanning early childhood to young adulthood and (b) further shaped by different patterns of social interaction as experienced during early adulthood, middle adulthood, and old age. Congruent with this analysis, results revealed that relative to individualists and competitors, prosocial individuals exhibited greater levels of secure attachment (Studies 1 and 2) and reported having more siblings, especially sisters (Study 3). Finally, the prevalence of prosocials increased—and the prevalence of individualist s and competitors decreased—from early adulthood to middle adulthood and old age (Study 4). Traditional theories and insights assume that the principle of rational self-interest or economic man reflects the prevailing motivation among humankind (Luce & Raiffa, 1957; Von Neuman & Morgenstern, 1947; cf. Roth, 1988). However, more recent theoretical developments have indicated that individuals systematically differ in the manner in which they approach interdependent others. Some people are inclined to give interdependent others the benefit of the doubt and approach them cooperatively, whereas other people are inclined to approach interdependent others in a less cooperative manner. Such individual differences are related to social value orientation, defined as stable preferences for certain patterns of outcomes for oneself and others (McClintock, 1978; Messick & McClintock, 1968). Although a variety of different social value orientations can be distinguished from a theoretical point of view (e.g., Knight & Dubro, 1984), in this article we address a three-category typology of social value orientation, examining differences between prosocial, individualistic, and competitive orientations. Prosocials tend to maximize outcomes for both themselves and others (i.e., cooperation) and to minimize differences between outcomes for
1,060 citations
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01 Apr 1997
TL;DR: The risk society change and continuity in education social change and labour market transitions changing patterns of dependency leisure and lifestyles health risks in late modernity crime and insecurity politics and participation the epistemological fallacy of late Modernity as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The risk society change and continuity in education social change and labour market transitions changing patterns of dependency leisure and lifestyles health risks in late modernity crime and insecurity politics and participation the epistemological fallacy of late modernity.
995 citations
TL;DR: The authors explores three alternative goals for American education that have been at the root of educational conflicts over the years: democratic equality, social efficiency, and social mobility, which represent, respectively, the educational perspective of the citizen, the taxpayer, and the consumer.
Abstract: This article explores three alternative goals for American education that have been at the root of educational conflicts over the years: democratic equality (schools should focus on preparing citizens), social efficiency (they should focus on training workers), and social mobility (they should prepare individuals to compete for social positions). These goals represent, respectively, the educational perspective of the citizen, the taxpayer, and the consumer. Whereas the first two look on education as a public good, the third sees it as a private good. Historical conflict over these competing visions of education has resulted in a contradictory structure for the educational system that has sharply impaired its effectiveness. More important still has been the growing domination of the social mobility goal, which has reshaped education into a commodity for the purposes of status attainment and has elevated the pursuit of credentials over the acquisition of knowledge.
970 citations
TL;DR: Girls rated the aggressor as more angry than boys, and middle school and high school participants viewed the socially aggressive behaviors as indicating more dislike than elementary school children.
Abstract: Social aggression consists of actions directed at damaging another's self-esteem, social status, or both, and includes behaviors such as facial expressions of disdain, cruel gossipping, and the manipulation of friendship patterns. In Study 1, 4th, 7th, and 10th graders completed the Social Behavior Questionnaire; only boys viewed physical aggression as more hurtful than social aggression, and girls rated social aggression as more hurtful than did boys. In the 1st phase of Study 2, girls participated in a laboratory task in which elements of social-aggression were elicited and reliably coded. In the 2nd phase of Study 2, another sample of participants (elementary, middle, and high school boys and girls) viewed samples of socially aggressive behaviors from these sessions. Girls rated the aggressor as more angry than boys, and middle school and high school participants viewed the socially aggressive behaviors as indicating more dislike than elementary school children. Language: en
846 citations
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01 Mar 1997
TL;DR: The social construction of social work theory is discussed in this paper, with a focus on the connection between theory and practice, and a review of the social work theories and their application in practice.
Abstract: PART I: THINKING ABOUT SOCIAL WORK THEORY.- 1. The Social Construction of Social Work Theory.- 2. Evaluating Social Work Theory.- 3. Connecting Theory and Practice.- PART II: REVIEWING SOCIAL WORK THEORIES.- 4. Psychodynamic Practice.- 5. Crisis and Task Centred Models.- 6. Cognitive Behavioural Practice.- 7. Systems and Ecological Practice.- 8. Macro Practice, Social Development and Social Pedagogy.- 9. Strengths, Narrative and Solution Practice.- 10. Humanistic Practice, Existentialism and Spirituality.- 11. Empowerment and Advocacy.- 12. Critical Practice.- 13. Feminist Practice.- 14. Anti-Oppressive and Multicultural Sensitivity Practice
800 citations
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01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a structural analysis of the world economy is presented, from method to metaphor to theory and substance, with a focus on simple social structure - kinship units and ties, Nancy Howell the duality of persons and groups, Ronald L.Briger the ralational basis of attitudes.
Abstract: Part 1 Thinking structurally: structural analysis - from method to metaphor to theory and substance, Barry Wellman understanding simple social structure - kinship units and ties, Nancy Howell the duality of persons and groups, Ronald L.Briger the ralational basis of attitudes, Bonnie Erickson. Part 2 Communities: Networks as personal communities, Barry Wellman, Peter Carrington and Alan Hall work and community in industrializing India, Leslie Howard relations of production and class rule - the hidden basis of patron-clientage, Y.Michal Bodemann. Part 3 Markets: varieties of markets, Harrison White markets and market-areas - some preliminary formulations, S.D.Berkowitz form and substance in the analysis of the world economy, Harriet Friedmann. Part 4 Social change: misreading, then re-reading, 19th-century social change, Charles Tilly structural location and ideological divergence - Jewish Marxist intellectuals in turn-of-the-century Russia, Robert J.Bryam cities and fights - material entailment analysis of the 18th-century chemical revolution, Douglas R.White and H.Gilman McCann. Part 5 Social mobility: collectivity mobility and the persistence of dynasties, Lorne Tepperman social networks and efficient resource allocation - computer models of job vacancy allocation through contacts, John Delany occupational mobility - a structural model, Joel H.Levine and John Spadaro toward a formal structural sociology, S.D.Berkowitz.
653 citations
Book•
01 Dec 1997
TL;DR: The final volume in Manuel Castells' trilogy as mentioned in this paper is devoted to processes of global social change induced by interaction between networks and identity, focusing on Africa, on urban poverty, and on children's plight.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
The final volume in Manuel Castells' trilogy is devoted to processes of global social change induced by interaction between networks and identity.
He studies empirically the collapse of the Soviet Union, tracing it back to the incapacity of industrial statism to manage the transition to the Information Age. He shows the rise of inequality, polarization, and social exclusion throughout the world, focusing on Africa, on urban poverty, and on children's plight. He documents the formation of a global criminal economy that deeply affects economies and politics in many countries. He analyzes the political and cultural foundations of the emergence of the Asian Pacific as the most dynamic region in the global economy. And he reflects on the contradictions of European unfication, proposing the concept of the network state.
In the general conclusion of the trilogy, included in this volume, Castells draws together the threads of his arguments and his findings, presenting a systematic interpretation of our world in this end of millennium.
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01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a 15-year study was conducted to examine the relationship between parents' socioeconomic resources, their gender roles and relations, and the quality and stability of their marriages.
Abstract: Just what do we know about the current generation of young Americans? So little it seems, that we have dubbed them "Generation X". Coming of age in the 1980s and 90s, they hail from families in flux, from an intimate landscape changing faster and more profoundly than ever before. This book aims to give a clear, close-up picture of these young Americans and to show how they have been affected and formed by the tremendous domestic changes of the last three decades. How have members of this generation fared at school and at work, as they have moved into the world and formed families of their own? Do their struggles or successes reflect the turbulence of their time? These are the questions this book attempts to answer in comprehensive detail. Based on a 15-year study begun in 1980, the book considers parents socioeconomic resources, their gender roles and relations, and the quality and stability of their marriages. It then examines children's relations with their parents, their intimate and broader social affiliations, and their psychological well-being. The authors provide insight into how both familial and historical contexts affect young people as they make the transition to adulthood. Perhaps surprising is the authors finding that, in this era of shifting gender roles, children who grow up in traditional father-breadwinner, mother-homemaker families and those in more egalitarian, role-sharing families apparently turn out the same. Also striking are the beneficial influence of parental education on children and the troubling long-term impact of marital conflict and divorce, an outcome that prompts the authors to suggest policy measures that encourage marital quality and stability.
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19 Dec 1997
TL;DR: O'Connor as discussed by the authors argues that environmental and social crises pose a growing threat to capitalism itself and demonstrates the power of ecological Marxist analysis for understanding our diverse environment and social history, for grounding economic behaviour in the real world, and for formulating and evaluating new political strategies.
Abstract: Economic growth since the Industrial Revolution has been achieved at great cost both to the natural environment and to the autonomy of communities. What can a Marxist perspective contribute to understanding this disturbing legacy, and mitigating its impact on future generations? Social theorist James O'Connor demonstrates how the policies and imperatives of business and government influence - and are influenced by - environment and social change. Probing the relationship between economy, nature and society, O'Connor argues that environmental and social crises pose a growing threat to capitalism itself. These essays demonstrate the power of ecological Marxist analysis for understanding our diverse environment and social history, for grounding economic behaviour in the real world, and for formulating and evaluating new political strategies.
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the public sector has been transformed from a Keynsian Welfare State to a Schumpeterian Workfare State, which involves fundamental changes to forms of provision, patterns of access, forms of work, client relations, worker relations, interinstitutional relations and values and ethics.
Abstract: The paper undertakes two related exercises; one substantive and one meta‐analytical. The first concerns changes in public sector provision. It is argued that the public sector has been ‘transformed’, in Jessop's terms, from a Keynsian Welfare State to a Schumpeterian Workfare State. This transformation involves fundamental changes to forms of provision, patterns of access, forms of work, client — worker relations, inter‐institutional relations and values and ethics. The constitution of citizenship has also been affected. The second concerns the conception of and engagement with social policy by educational researchers. A template for examination of the ‘surface epistemology’ of education policy research is presented — that is the relationships between conceptualisation, research design and conduct and the interpretation of data. It is argued that there is a basic tension at the heart of education policy research, between a commitment to the pursuit of efficiency and a commitment to the pursuit of...
TL;DR: Assessment of macrolevel social factors by using census tract-level data on social stratification, community empowerment, and environmental stressors found that individual-level risk factors for low birthweight behaved differently depending upon the characteristics of the neighborhood of residence.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Past research on low birthweight has focused on individual-level risk factors. We sought to assess the contribution of macrolevel social factors by using census tract-level data on social stratification, community empowerment, and environmental stressors. METHODS: Census tract-level information on social risk was linked to birth certificate records from Baltimore, Md, for the period 1985 through 1989. Individual level factors included maternal education, maternal age, medical assistance health insurance (Medicaid), and trimester of prenatal care initiation. Methods of multilevel modeling using two-stage regression analyses were employed. RESULTS: Macrolevel factors had both direct associations and interactions with low birthweight. All individual risk factors showed interaction with macrolevel variables; that is, individual-level risk factors for low birthweight behaved differently depending upon the characteristics of the neighborhood of residence. For example, women living in high-risk neigh...
TL;DR: This paper examined the relation between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles and social and school adjustment in Chinese children, using a sample of second grade children from a Chinese public school in the US and Hong Kong.
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the relations between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles and social and school adjustment in Chinese children. A sample of second grade childre...
TL;DR: Relations of regulation and emotionality to social functioning were examined for 77 children followed from early to middle school age, and prediction of later social functioning from emotionality and regulation at age 4-6 was similar at ages 6-8 and 8-10.
Abstract: Relations of regulation and emotionality to social functioning were examined for 77 children followed from early to middle school age. Parents and teachers reported on children's social behavior, emotionality, and regulation, and children engaged in analogue peer conflict situations (i.e., with puppets). High-quality social functioning was predicted by high regulation and low levels of nonconstructive coping, negative emotionality, and general emotional intensity. Prediction often was obtained across reporters and time, although prediction was strongest within context (home versus school). Moreover, measures of regulation and emotionality frequently contributed unique variance to the prediction of social functioning. Contemporaneous correlations at age 8-10 were similar to those obtained at age 6-8, and prediction of later social functioning from emotionality and regulation at age 4-6 was similar at ages 6-8 and 8-10.
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27 Oct 1997
TL;DR: Globalism and the Study of Social Policy The State of the World's Welfare The Social Policy of Global Actors International Organizations and the Making of Post-Communist Social Policy Non-Governmental Organizations and Global Social Policy in Conditions of Conflict as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Globalism and the Study of Social Policy The State of the World's Welfare The Social Policy of Global Actors International Organizations and the Making of Post-Communist Social Policy Non-Governmental Organizations and Global Social Policy in Conditions of Conflict The Prospects for Global Social Policy
TL;DR: The authors provides a critical analysis of the NSM thesis, finding that the central propositions are not defensible as a theory or a paradigm, and that they are not definable in terms of its concepts or evidence.
Abstract: Discussions of New Social Movements have sought to explain the apparent shift in the forms of contemporary social movements in Western nations by linking it to the rise of a postmodern world. However, the central propositions of the NSM paradigm have not been critically analyzed in terms of its concepts or the evidence. This review provides a critical analysis of the NSM thesis, finding that the central propositions are not defensible as a theory or a paradigm.
TL;DR: This article examines the way family and kinship patterns change in the process of immigration — and why and emphasizes the way first generation immigrants to the United States fuse together the old and new to create a new kind of family life.
Abstract: "This article examines the way family and kinship patterns change in the process of immigration--and why. Offering an interpretative synthesis, it emphasizes the way first generation immigrants to the United States fuse together the old and new to create a new kind of family life. The family is seen as a place where there is a dynamic interplay between structure, culture, and agency. New immigrant family patterns are shaped by cultural meanings and social practices immigrants bring with them from their home countries as well as social, economic and cultural forces in the United States."
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01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the New Manners of Food Trends and their Sociological Interpretation Measuring Change in Taste is discussed. And the Reconstruction of Taste Theories of Consumption and the Case of Food
Abstract: PART ONE: ISSUES OF TASTE Consumption, Taste and Social Change The New Manners of Food Trends and their Sociological Interpretation Measuring Change in Taste PART TWO: INDICATORS OF TASTE: CHANGING FOOD HABITS Novelty and Tradition Health and Indulgence Economy and Extravagance Convenience and Care PART THREE: INTERPRETATIONS OF TASTE The Reconstruction of Taste Theories of Consumption and the Case of Food
TL;DR: The relations of regulation and emotionality to elementary school children's social functioning were examined and the relation of behavioral regulation to socially appropriate behavior was moderated bynegative emotionality, with effects being significant and higher for children high in negative emotionality.
Abstract: The relations of regulation and emotionality to elementary school children's social functioning were examined. Teachers and peers reported on children's social functioning; 1 parent and teacher rated children on various measures of regulation, resiliency, and emotionality; and a behavioral index of regulation was obtained. The effects of individual differences in attentional regulation on social status and socially appropriate behavior were mediated by resiliency, and dispositional negative emotionality moderated the positive relation between attentional control and resiliency (with this path being stronger for children high in negative emotionality). The effects of behavioral regulation were not mediated by resiliency; however, the relation of behavioral regulation to socially appropriate behavior (but not social status) was moderated by negative emotionality, with effects being significant and higher for children high in negative emotionality.
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01 Jan 1997
Abstract: This second edition has been substantially rewritten and includes new sections on globalized capitalism, modernism and postmodernism, and a new chapter on oppression as the source of social problems and the focus of structural social work. This book is intended for introductory social work and/or social welfare courses. Upper level courses on social work theory.
TL;DR: The model was supported for social self-perceptions but not for perceived behavior-conduct, and both negative peer status and peer victimization successively mediated the impact of social behavior on loneliness and perceived acceptance.
Abstract: This study evaluated a social process model describing how aggression and withdrawal lead to negative social self-perceptions. The model posited both direct (i.e., cognitions associated with withdrawal) and indirect (i.e., mediations of negative peer status and peer experiences) influences. Eight- to 10-year-old children (n = 793) completed peer assessment measures of aggression, withdrawal, peer status, victimization and affiliations, and self-reports of loneliness, perceived acceptance, and perceived behavior-conduct. As expected, the model was supported for social self-perceptions but not for perceived behavior-conduct. Withdrawn behavior uniquely predicted social self-perceptions. Both negative peer status and peer victimization successively mediated the impact of social behavior on loneliness and perceived acceptance. Classroom affiliations did not mediate social self-perceptions.
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15 Jun 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on what adolescents read and write and find that literacy plays an important role in maintaining friendship groups and in the construction of the self, highlighting the social importance of friendship, family and social networks.
Abstract: This text provides a portrait of adolescent girls in middle school - the "social queens" and the "tough cookies". The author, Margaret Finders, follows the girls, focusing on what they read and write - not just school-sanctioned activities but also the important "hidden literacies" - signing yearbooks, writing notes, bathroom graffiti and reading teen magazines. She spends time interviewing and interacting with the girls in and out of the classroom, on sleepovers, mall visits nd other recreational visits. What she sees raises questions about what is known about girls' lives. Highlighting the social importance of friendship, family and social networks in girls' sense of themselves, she suggests that literacy plays an important role in maintaining friendship groups and in the construction of the self. The study questions many common assumptions about early adolescence, mostly importantly the "good girl" role so often assigned to and reinforced in female students.
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11 Jun 1997
TL;DR: Inequalities in Health, Doctors, Patients and Interaction in Health Care and the Body, Health and Risk are discussed.
Abstract: Health and illness are intensely personal matters. It seems self evident that health is a basic necessity of the 'good life', though it is often taken for granted. Illness, on the other hand challenges our sense of security and may introduce acute anxiety into our lives. Health and Illness in a Changing Society provides a lively and critical account of the impact of social change on the experience of health and illness. It also examines the different sociological perspectives that have been used to analyse health matters. While some of the ideas developed in the last twenty years remain relevant to social research in health today, many are in need of urgent revision.
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01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: Ghimire and Ghirnire as mentioned in this paper presented a case study of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India and showed that women, forest products and protected areas can be linked.
Abstract: List of Contributors Acknowledgements and a Caveat to the Reader List of Figures List of Tables I. Social Change and Conservation: an Overview of Issues and Concepts Krishna B. Ghimire and Michel P. Pimbert II. Biodiversity and Human Welfare Piers Blaikie and Sally Jeanrenaud III. National Parks and Protected Area Management in Costa Rica and Germany: a Comparative Analysis Jens Briiggemann IV. Salvaging Nature: Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas Marcus Colchester V. Women, Forest Products and Protected Areas: a Case Study of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India Chandana Dey VI. Local Development and Parks in France Andrea Finger-Stich and Krishna B. Ghimire VII. Conservation and Social Development: an Assessment of Wolong and other Panda Reserves in China Krishna B. Ghirnire VIII. Ecotourism and Rural Reconstruction in South Africa: Reality or Rhetoric? Eddie Koch IX. Management of Wildlife, Tourism and Local Communities in Zimbabwe Chris Mayor X. Protected Areas, Conservationists and Aboriginal Interests in Canada James Morrison XI. Parks, People and Professionals: Putting 'Participation' into Protected Area Management Michel P. Pimbert and Jules N. Pretty List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Land and Weight Measurements Currency Conversion