Showing papers on "Tourism geography published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply the theoretical constructs of collaboration to tourism destinations and offer insight into interorganizational collaboration for one specific tourism domain, the planning and development of local, community-based tourism destinations.
1,487 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the need for cultural and heritage facilities to look carefully at their operating policies and practices to focus on issues such as customer service, partnerships and packaging opportunities and to be open to entrepreneurial approaches while continuing to meet their heritage preservation and education mandates.
590 citations
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01 Oct 1995
TL;DR: The authors summarizes important aspects of tourism public policy research and concludes that there appears to remain a reluctance to engage in deeper discussions of public policy and political studies in ways that make contributions to those disciplinary areas outside the field of tourism studies.
Abstract: This chapter summarizes important aspects of tourism public policy research. It focuses on research approaches and methodologies, and considers the limitations of policy analysis. Debates and discussions concerning shifts in focus, for example from government to governance, are described. Future directions for research in areas such as metagovernance, digital citizenship (“citizen 2.0”), and e‐governance are presented. We conclude that research in tourism public policy remains fragmented, and there appears to remain a reluctance by most scholars in this field to engage in deeper discussions of public policy and political studies in ways that make contributions to those disciplinary areas outside the field of tourism studies.
425 citations
TL;DR: This article reviewed a variety of the definitions given to the term "ecotourism", and presented them as a continuum where, at one pole, all tourism can be viewed as ecotourist and, at the other, no tourism could be seen as eco-tourism.
393 citations
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, sustainable tourism - theory and planning: environmental impacts on tourist destinations - an economic analysis, D. Buhalis and J.Nijkamp planning for tourism at local level - maintaining the balance with the environment, J. Nitsch and J van Straaten problems of tourism development in Spain, G. Parpairis sustainable tourism development - a case study of Lesbos, P. Nijkamp and S.A.
Abstract: Part A Sustainable tourism - theory and planning: environmental impacts on tourist destinations - an economic analysis, D. Buhalis and J. Fletcher the environmental internalities of tourism - theoretical analysis and policy implications, H. Briassoulis new trends in leisure and tourism affecting the tourist industry and destination areas, T.Z. de Haan environmental quality and tourism and the environment, G.J. Ashworth provate and public development strategies for sustainable tourism development of island economies, H. Janssen, M. Kiers and P. Nijkamp planning for tourism at local level - maintaining the balance with the environment, J. Westlake specialization in tourism - the case of a small open economy, A. Lanza and F. Pigliaru. Part B Policy case studies in sustainable tourism: assessing the interaction between heritage, environment and tourism - Mykonos, H. Coccossis and A. Parpairis sustainable tourism development - a case study of Lesbos, P. Nijkamp and S. Verdonkschot the environments of coastal marinas, J.A. Edwards environmental impacts in the Loch Lomond area of Scotland, G.Dickinson rural tourism development - using a sustainable tourism development approach, B. Nitsch and J. van Straaten problems of tourism development in Spain, G.K. Priestley.
339 citations
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01 Jun 1995
TL;DR: The environmental impacts of tourism key concepts for tourism and the environment planning for sustainable tourism development environmental impact assessment and tourism development as discussed by the authors, is a key concept for tourism, and it can be found in the literature.
Abstract: The environmental impacts of tourism key concepts for tourism and the environment planning for sustainable tourism development environmental impact assessment and tourism development.
336 citations
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01 Jun 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present issues in analyzing and managing tourist destinations tourists' destination choices and experiences the effects of tourism marketing tourist destinations, and propose a solution to analyze and manage tourist destinations.
Abstract: Issues in analyzing and managing tourist destinations tourists' destination choices and experiences the effects of tourism marketing tourist destinations.
321 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the relation between tourism and gender equality is discussed, and the UNWTO states that tourism presents both opportunities and challenges for women, which makes the gender equality perspective highly relevant.
318 citations
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24 Jul 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the commoditisation of tourism, motivation, tourists' perspectives and marketing, globalisation, the North-South debate and tourism employment, Commodities, culture and the division of labour.
Abstract: * Introduction * Supply and demand: The commoditisation of tourism * Motivation, tourists' perspectives and marketing * Globalisation, the North - South debate and tourism employment * Commodities, culture and the division of labour * Economic impacts of tourism * Progress: fromt rice paddy to golf green - environmental issues and tourism * Planning: retrospection, interventions and approaches * Alternative and sustainable tourism development - the way forward? * References * Index
273 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the tourism-centric paradigm encourages inappropriate and inconsistent consideration of the scope and geographical scale of tourism's resource base, whilst also failing to adequately account for the inter-sectoral context of tourism development.
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a dominant paradigm of sustainable tourism development, one which appears to chart a responsible course, balancing the requirements of tourism development with the protection of the environment. However, this paper argues that the predominant paradigm is too tourism‐centric, parochial and, therefore, inherently flawed, and that it effectively condones planning, management and policy approaches which fail to operationalise sustainable tourism in a manner consistent with the general aims and requirements of sustainable development. In particular, it is suggested that the tourism‐centric paradigm encourages inappropriate and inconsistent consideration of the scope and geographical scale of tourism's resource base, whilst also failing to adequately account for the intersectoral context of tourism development In order to re‐engage sustainable tourism development with its parental concerns (those of sustainable development generally), an alternative, extra‐parochial ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the role of cross-border shopping in the context of tourism between Canada and the United States and the implications that this has for the role shopping as a generator of tourism.
TL;DR: The much hyped concept of virtual reality (VR) is becoming talked about in tourism circles: as a possible threat to the travel industry, as a means of reducing the negative impacts of tourism and as a marketing tool to increase a destination's appeal.
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the environmental impact of tourism and recreation and suggest how to minimize the unfavorable effects of tourism on nature in the attempt at making tourism environmentally sustainable. But they do not observe these issues in a vacuum, but rather in the holistic context of the relationships and interactions between other non-tourist factors that also shape the ecosystem.
Abstract: This innovative and thoroughly interdisciplinary book discusses the environmental impact of tourism and recreation. These issues are not observed in a vacuum, but rather in the holistic context of the relationships and interactions between other non-tourist factors that also shape the ecosystem. Environmental Issues of Tourism and Recreation is divided into three parts: environmental impacts on tourism and tourists; the positive and negative impact of tourism on the natural environment; and suggestions on how to minimize the unfavorable effects of tourism on nature in the attempt at making tourism environmentally sustainable. Contents: Environmental Impacts on Tourism and Tourists; External (Nontourist) Human Impacts on Natural Environment as Part of the Tourism Product; The Positive Impacts of Tourism and Recreation on Natural Environment; The Negative Impacts of Tourism and Recreation on Environment: Parameters, Agents, and Factors of Overdevelopment; The Negative Impact of Tourism and Recreation on Elements of the Environmental System; The Negative Impact of Tourism and Recreation on Ecosystems; The Issue of Carrying Capacity; The Search for Environmentally Sustainable Tourism; Environmental Planning and Management of Tourism and Recreation; Ecotourism as a Form of Alternative Tourism; Conclusions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between Islam, hospitality and the notion of tourism and found that Islam does not reject tourism per se, however, the nature of tourism development in Egypt, and especially in Upper Egypt, has led to acts of violence by Muslim groups.
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, Lanfant discusses international tourism, internationalization, and the challenge to identity in the context of identity preservation in the tourism industry and its role in the identification of tourists.
Abstract: Introduction - Marie-Francoise Lanfant International Tourism, Internationalization and the Challenge to Identity - Marie-Francoise Lanfant Cultural Heritage and Tourist Capital - Michel Picard Cultural Tourism in Bali Textiles, Memory and the Souvenir Industry in the Andes - Anath Ariel de Vidas Frontier Minorities, Tourism and the State in Indian Himalaya and Northern Thailand - Jean Michaud International Tourism and the Appropriation of History in the Balkans - John B Allcock Industrial Heritage in the Tourism Process in France - Claude-Marie Bazin Tourism and Tradition - Wendy Williams and Elly Maria Papamichael Local Control versus Outside Interests in Greece The Jewish Pilgrim and the Purchase of a Souvenir in Israel - Shelley Shenhav-Keller International Tourism and Utopia - Danielle Rozenberg The Balearic Islands Life as a Tourist Object in Australia - Meaghan Morris Sex Tourism and Traditional Australian Male Identity - Suzy Kruhse-MountBurton The Anthropologist as Tourist - Malcolm Crick An Identity in Question The Ethnographer/Tourist in Indonesia - Edward M Bruner
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the relationship between tourism development and the community dynamic and suggest that the control of tourism by players within the community and the pressure to increase visitor numbers could seek to widen community differences as well as creating another destination stereotype.
TL;DR: A three-pronged approach to tourism education consisting of professional, vocational, and entrepreneurial training is proposed in this paper, where four criteria for the design of a successful entrepreneurial development program are outlined.
TL;DR: In this paper, an ethical framework for tourism services delivery is proposed, which makes a distinction between a paradigmatic ethic and an operational code of ethics, and offers a perspective on the evolution of ethics in general and of tourism ethics in particular.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the changing role of women in the new economic activity of farm tourism in two distinct areas of Spain: Catalonia and Galicia and found that women's perceptions of the built and natural environments are changing in response to these activities.
TL;DR: The dominant approach to sustainable tourism is technical, rational and scientific as discussed by the authors, and this has eclipsed the emergence of an ethical response in the past few decades in the tourism industry.
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, Conlin et al. present an overview of island tourism management principles and their application in the context of small-scale tourism development in Bali, including island-based urban tourism.
Abstract: Partial table of contents: ISLAND TOURISM MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES. Island Tourism: An Introduction (M. Conlin & T. Baum). Islands, Beaches and Life-Stage Marketing (C. Ryan). ISLAND TOURISM MANAGEMENT PRACTICE. Island-Based Urban Tourism: The Case of Victoria (P. Murphy). Small-Scale Tourism Development in Bali (V. Long & G. Wall). Indexes.
TL;DR: The authors provides an analytical overview of the steps a variety of US cities are taking, such as developing a new brand image, refurbishing run-down areas, touting for conference business, building shopping malls and creating "carousal" zones, to promote tourism.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the extent and nature of trade-offs between conservational and developmental goals, and identify the environmental accountancy procedures that can be used to identify the trade-off.
Abstract: The principles of sustainable development are widely accepted, but, given the conflicts of interest that occur over time and space, their resolution is likely to be problematic. Nowhere is this more evident than in the field of tourism. There is probably no other economic activity which cuts across so many sectors, levels and interests. The relationship between tourism development, socio-economic development and the environment is circular and cumulative. Most tourism activity places additional pressures on the environmental resources upon which it is based, compromising the present and future interests of tourist and host populations as well as of tourism organizations. Without adequate environmental protection, prospects for development will be undermined. There is an essential need to build on the positive links between the environment and tourism and to break the negative links. The latter will not be easy, however, owing to the conflicts of interest that occur. The positive links may be described as win-win situations, benefiting environment and development prospects alike. Negative links are also likely to occur however. To break these, trade-offs will have to be made between conservational and developmental goals. An identification of the extent and nature of these trade-offs will be facilitated by environmental accountancy procedures which include environmental auditing.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined a case study of the Cypriot government's recent efforts to introduce alternative tourism as a rural development strategy in the Akamas peninsula in Cyprus.
TL;DR: In this paper, the economic, environmental, and social problems encountered in developing and managing tourism in peripheral regions are outlined, such as large economic leakages from tourism expenditures, difficulties in providing and maintaining touristic infrastructure, and managing its environmental conservation and social impacts.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that tourism is a culture industry in the sense that it markets cultural products to tourists as cultural experiences, and that the cultural consequences of major changes to destination communities as a result of tourist development are ignored.
Abstract: This article poses the question: are there cultural limits to tourism? It argues that tourism is a culture industry in the sense that it markets cultural products to tourists as cultural experiences. The three elements of tourism as culture are: the cultural foundations of tourism products, the sophistication of tourists’ perceptions and experiences of tourist cultures, and the cultural consequences of tourism development on resident communities. Yet these aspects are usually treated in a tokenistic way in favour of economic and environmental considerations, ignoring the cultural consequences of major changes to destination communities as a result of tourist development. This article proposes that the changes and consequences of tourism on the culture of destinations and on the culture of tourists should be central to debates about sustainable tourism development. The article proposes a number of conditions or indicators to identify the matrix of impacts of tourism from which acceptable and unacceptable l...