Showing papers on "Trickling filter published in 2015"

Methods of Removing Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater

Abstract: Methods for treating industrial wastewater containing heavy metals often involve technologies for reduction of toxicity in order to meet technology-based treatment standards. This article was focused on the recently developed and newly applicable various treatment processes for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Physico-chemical removal processes such as; adsorption on new adsorbents, ion exchange, membrane filtration, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and photocatalysis were discussed. Their advantages and drawbacks in application were evaluated. In the processes of biological treatments microorganisms play a role of settling solids in the solution. Activated sludge, trickling filters, stabilization ponds are widely used for treating industrial wastewater. Bioadsorption is a new biological method and various low cost bioadsorbents (agricultural waste, forest waste, industrial waste, algae etc.) are used for maximum removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioadsorption techniques are eco friendly best solutions for removing heavy metals from wastewater rather than physic-chemical methods. But chemical methods are most suitable treatments for toxic inorganic compounds produced from various industries which cannot removed from any biological and physical techniques. Keywords—heavy metals; removal techniques;

Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors

Abstract: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors is the fifth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The first part of the book is devoted to the activated sludge process, covering the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.A detailed analysis of the biological reactor (aeration tank) and the final sedimentation tanks is provided. The second part of the book covers aerobic biofilm reactors, especially trickling filters, rotating biological contractors and submerged aerated biofilters. For all the systems, the book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Assessment of biological trickling filter systems with various packing materials for improved wastewater treatment

Abstract: Attached growth processes for wastewater treatment have significantly been improved during recent years. Their application can be extended to sustainable municipal wastewater treatment in remote locations and in developing countries for the purpose of organic matter (biochemical oxygen demand, BOD) removal and pathogenic decontamination. The aim of this study is to assess selected packing media for biological trickling filters (BTFs) and to develop a simplified model for describing the capacity of BOD removal in BTFs. In this work, BTFs with four different media viz., rubber, polystyrene, plastic and stone have been investigated at two temperature ranges of 5–15°C and 25–35°C. The average removal of both chemical oxygen demand and BOD was higher than 80 and 90% at temperature ranges of 5–15 and 25–35°C, respectively. The geometric mean of faecal coliforms in BTF using polystyrene, plastic, rubber and stone as filter media was reduced by 4.3, 4.0, 5.8 and 5.4 log10, respectively, at a low temperature range...

Acclimation of nitrifiers for activated sludge treatment: a bench-scale evaluation.

Abstract: Nitrification kinetics were evaluated in bench-scale batch reactors fed with a synthetic wastewater containing approximately 1,000 mg ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N)/L operated at 5, 10, and 20 day solids retention times (SRTs) and with dewatered biosolids supernatant (1,126 to 1,680 mg NH3-N/L) operated at a 20-day SRT For the 5- and 10-day SRTs, complete nitrification appeared to be inhibited by the presence of un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid For the 20-day SRT, near complete nitrification was observed for both substrates Observed ammonium oxidation rates decreased with increasing SRT Observed yield coefficients were similar for all SRTs and substrates Fully established steady-state conditions were observed at higher SRTs despite process start-up and operational considerations Although it may be possible to culture a nitrifier population capable of near-complete nitrification at lower SRTs, the design configuration and operational strategy must mitigate the potential for un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid inhibition (eg process start-up at lower concentration with gradual increase to higher concentration, continuous feed operation, etc) Batch bioaugmentation analyses were conducted in the mixed liquor suspended solids and final clarifier effluent from a non-nitrifying activated sludge with seed nitrifiers developed from the 20-day SRT reactors and with biomass from a nitrifying trickling filter facility Ammonia removal was observed in all bioaugmentation analyses with no apparent lag or acclimation period Observed ammonium oxidation rates were not significantly different between the seed and batch bioaugmentation reactors Acclimation does not appear to be a critical obstacle for nitrifier bioaugmentation when environmental conditions (eg temperature, pH, etc) between the seed and bioaugmentation processes are not significantly different This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781780404134 (eBook) ISBN: 9781843396918 (Print)

Efficiency of a pilot scale trickling filter to treat industrial brewery wastewater: Influence of hydraulic loading

Abstract: BACKGROUND Despite sound technological improvements, huge water consumption and the associated wastewater discharge remain one of the major environmental challenges in the brewing industry. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the performance of a mineral filled pilot scale trickling filter to treat brewery wastewater. A trickling filter is superior over the other conventional wastewater treatment processes in terms of cost and environmental friendliness therefore it is recommendable particularly for low income countries. RESULTS Pilot scale plant experiments were made to evaluate the trickling filter aerobic and anaerobic biofilm systems for removal of organics and nutrients from brewery wastewater at different hydraulic loading rates. The trickling filter had an average efficiency of (86.53), (95.25), (69.93) and (41.03)% for biochemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively, as the flow rates changed from 900 to 1100 L day-1at an influent COD concentration of 600 mg L-1. A linear regression model revealed that there is very high correlations between mass loading rate and mass removal rate. The results of this study suggest that in addition to significant values for nutrient removal efficiencies, effluent value in the range 50 − 120 mg L-1 COD can be achieved using the trickling filter at the design hydraulic load and organic load of 8.36 m-3 m-2 day-1 and 0.75 k g m-3 d-1, respectively. CONCLUSION Organic substances and nutrients in brewery wastewater can be handled in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner using the gravel-filled trickling filter. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry

Adopting Primary Plastic Trickling Filters as a Solution for Enhanced Nitrification

Abstract: The wastewater industry is under pressure to optimize performance of sewage treatment works (STW), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption. Using a process configuration selection matrix, this paper explores the practicability of placing a hypothetical cross flow structured plastic media (CFSP) trickling filter (TF) immediately ahead of an existing conventional trickling filter process (CTFP), without intermediate clarification. The viability of this configuration is subsequently demonstrated using an empirical multispecies TF model. This predicts the enhanced nitrification performance of the CTFP by simulating prior removals of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The model predictions propose that prior 50-80% BOD removals can allow for further reductions in effluent ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) concentrations of 40-70%, respectively. This illustrates that adopting low energy TF technologies can eliminate the requirement for more energy intensive alternatives, such as submerged aerated filters (SAF). Moreover, this configuration maximizes the potential of existing assets, while simultaneously improving nitrification robustness when compared with tertiary nitrification processes.

Water treatment system

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water treatment system which can suppress deterioration of treatment performance of a trickling filter without adversely affecting microorganisms existing in a filter material layer of the trickling filter even when the temperature of outside air drops.SOLUTION: A water treatment system 100 of the present invention includes: a trickling filter 10 which is formed by arranging a screen 14, a filter material layer 15 supported by the screen 14, and a spray mechanism 16 spraying water to be treated onto the filter material layer 15 in a first non-opened water tank 13 having a first air inflow port 11 and a first air discharge port 12; a biological treatment tank 20 which aerobically treats inflow water in a second non-opened water tank 23 having a second air inflow port 21 and a second air discharge port 22; and a communication pipe 30 which connects the first air inflow port 11 of the trickling filter 10 and the second air discharge port 22 of the biological treatment tank 20 to each other.

Performance of a pilot-scale nitrifying trickling filter treating municipal aerated lagoon effluent.

Abstract: Colfax, WA, operates an aerated lagoon to achieve compliance with its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, which currently requires biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. However, ammonia removal may soon be required, and Colfax is considering a nitrifying trickling filter (NTF) that would allow them to also maintain the lagoons. To obtain data from which to ultimately design a full-scale system, a four-year NTF pilot study was performed. Results demonstrated that an NTF would be an effective, reliable NH3 removal method and could produce effluent NH3 concentrations < 1.0 mg/L. NTF performance was characterized by zero- and first-order kinetics; zero-order rates correlated with influent NH3 concentrations and mass load. Utilizing data from these investigations it was determined that the pilot NTF could be reduced by 19%, which demonstrates the value of pilot testing. Finally, pilot data was evaluated to provide a data set that will be useful to engineers designing full-scale NTFs.

Apparatus an d method for degrading VOC by utilizing pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for degrading VOC by utilizing pseudomonas aeruginosa. The apparatus comprises a trickling filter and an absorption tower, and further comprises a strain culture tank, wherein the absorption tower comprises a trickling filtering unit and a filtering unit; top portions of the two units are connected by an air pipeline; bottom portions of the trickling filtering unit and the filtering unit are connected with the trickling filter by a communication pipe; the trickling filtering unit is provided with, from bottom to top, a buffer and air distribution channel, a first grid plate and a first packing layer, and a nozzle A; the nozzle A is connected with the trickling filtering unit by a circulating water pipeline; the filtering unit is provided with, from bottom to top, a buffer and air outlet channel, a second grid plate and a second packing layer, and a nozzle B; and the nozzle B is connected with a sludge outlet that is formed in the bottom portion of the culture tank by a sludge pipeline; and a bacteria solution outlet of the culture tank is connected with the trickling filtering unit by a solution infusion pipeline. According to the apparatus and the method, the investment cost is low, secondary pollution is avoided, the operating effect is good, and a VOC removal rate is high; and the apparatus and the method aim to solve the problem in the prior art that the VOC is degraded without utilizing the pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Method for improving treatment efficiency of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for improving treatment efficiency of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater and relates to the technical field of water treatment. The method comprises the following steps: 1), pre-treating wastewater; 2), introducing wastewater into a circulating pipe placed in the inner space of a rotating magnetic field generation device to receive the effect of a rotating magnetic field; 3), adjusting pH of the wastewater, introducing formaldehyde, flowing to pass through a tourmaline column tank filled with tourmaline for nitrification and denitrification; 4), enabling wastewater to flow into a trickling filter for further treatment; 5), enabling wastewater to enter a second sedimentation tank for sedimentation. According to the invention, through the effect of the generated rotating magnetic field, wastewater is magnetized to a certain degree, then is subjected to enhanced nitrification and denitrification through the tourmaline column tank filled with compound nitrifying bacteria, and finally purified through the trickling filter. The process design is reasonable, a whole water treatment system is formed and by adopting the method provided by the invention, treatment efficiency of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater is improved greatly and the wastewater purification effect is improved obviously.

Partial-nitrification-and-anaerobic-ammonia-oxidation-combined denitrification method and device for synchronously treating urban sewage and mature landfill leachate

Abstract: The invention discloses a partial-nitrification-and-anaerobic-ammonia-oxidation-combined denitrification method and device for synchronously treating urban sewage and mature landfill leachate. The device comprises a raw urban sewage tank, a raw mature landfill leachate tank, a middle water tank, a denitrification half partial nitrification reactor, a secondary sedimentation tank and a closed anaerobic-ammonia-oxidation biological trickling filter reactor. The secondary sedimentation tank is provided with a water outlet pipe, a returned sludge pipe and a left sludge pipe. The method includes the steps that the urban sewage and the mature landfill leachate are mixed in proportion to enter the middle water tank and then enter an anoxic region of the denitrification half partial nitrification reactor to be subjected to denitrification, and returned nitrate nitrogen is removed through organisms in the sewage; then the mixture enters an aerobic region to be subjected to half partial nitrification; then the mixture enters the closed anaerobic-ammonia-oxidation biological trickling filter reactor to be subjected to an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction. According to the method and device, combined treatment is carried out on the sewage generated by mixing the urban sewage and the mature landfill leachate through the partial-nitrification-and-anaerobic-ammonia-oxidation-combined technology, the joint denitrification aim is achieved, and the method and device are economical and easy to execute.

Comparative Study of Wastewater Treatment Technologies for a Township

Abstract: The paper presents comparison among the most frequently used waste water systems in developing countries. Various physico-chemical and biological techniques have been used for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The wastewater is conventionally treated either by suspended growth system, by attached growth system or combined suspended and attached growth system. The system studied were oxidation pond, activated sludge, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, trickling filter and constructed wetland. All the above systems were designed and analysed based upon the various factors such as BOD removal efficiency, land required, power required, HRT, quantity of sludge to be handled, initial, operational & maintenance cost. The main summary table for quantitative analysis is prepared based on per capita values. It also includes the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment processes.

Development of Simple and Cost-effective Treatment System for Municipal Wastewater

Abstract: This study developed an alternative municipal sewage treatment system based on the pilot- and full-scale experiments. This proposed system consisting of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and trickling filter using a polyurethane sponge as packing material. This aerobic process was originally developed and named as a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS). DHS reactors accomplished high process performance during pilot- and full-scale experiments in Japan and other countries. The effluent quality of the DHS reactors was comparable to that of activated sludge systems. Moreover, advantages of DHS reactors include simple operation and maintenance (O&M), no required oxygen supply, small land requirement, and less excess sludge production. Indeed, the estimated energy requirement and excess sludge production of UASB and DHS systems were found to be approximately 75 and 85 % lower than those of conventional activated sludge systems, respectively. The high process performance can be attributed to the fact that the DHS reactor maintains much of the sludge in the reactor at concentrations 5–10 times higher than activated sludge. This indicates that DHS reactors have the potential for use as reliable, affordable, and efficient treatment systems, and can be used widely including developing countries.

Culture wastewater biphase biological purification system and treatment method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a culture wastewater biphase biological purification system and a treatment method thereof. The system comprises a conditioning tank, an aerobic trickling filter, an anaerobic trickling filter and a precipitation tank which are sequentially connected. In the wastewater treatment process, the wastewater is firstly introduced into the conditioning tank to regulate the pH value; after the florae are inoculated to the aerobic and anaerobic trickling filters, the wastewater in the conditioning tank is introduced into the aerobic trickling filter to perform aerobic treatment, and flows into the anaerobic trickling filter to perform anaerobic treatment; and the wastewater flows into the precipitation tank to further removal solid matters, and then is discharged after reaching the standard. The technique is simple; by adding a porous biochar granule mixed filling material into the trickling filters, the system has favorable filtering and film-forming effects; after the two-stage filter treatment, the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) removal ratio can reach 80% above, and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal ratio can reach 70% above; and the effluent water from the precipitation tank can reach the national standard and can be directly discharged or used for irrigation of agricultural land. The technique does not need repeated precipitation, has fewer steps, and can save the cost and enhance the efficiency.

Treatment of Simulated Textile Wastewater Containing Reactive Azo Dyes Using Laboratory Scale Trickling Filter

Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential applicability of biological trickling filter system for the treatment of simulated textile wastewater containing reactive azo dyes with bacterial consortium under non-sterile conditions. The percentage decolorization for the treatment of wastewater containing structurally different dyes was found to be higher than 95% in all trials. The stable bacterial count of the biofilm on stone media of the trickling filter during the treatment confirmed the presence, proliferation, dominance and involvement of the added microbial consortium in the treatment of textile wastewater. Results of physicochemical parameters revealed the reduction in chemical oxygen demand (58.5-75.1%), sulphates (18.9-36.5%), and phosphates (63.6-73.0%). UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed decolorization of dye containing wastewater was ultimate consequence of biodegradation. Toxicological studies revealed the nontoxic nature of degradative metabolites. Keywords—Biodegradation, textile dyes, waste water, trickling filters.

Deodorization experiment device for biological filter

Abstract: The utility model discloses a deodorization experiment device for a biological filter An air pump and a gas generator are respectively communicated with upper-part air and lower-part liquid in a gas generator through air pipes; foul gas generated by the gas generator enters into a biological trickling filter through a gas flow meter; the biological trickling filter is composed of four tank bodies; each tank body is partitioned into three sections of filter posts by filter partition plates and is filled with filtering material for the filter; nutrient liquid is pumped into a head water tank from a lower water box through a circulating pump; the head water tank is used for controlling the flow through the liquid flow meter, and enters the biological trickling filter from the top through an upper air inlet; and gas sampling openings are formed at different heights of the biological trickling filter The deodorization experiment device is capable of researching the influences of different fillers on the deodorization effect in a comparison manner, researching the influences of the air intake mode on treatment effects, researching odor gas treatment effects at different depths of the filter, researching the influences of the gas-water ratio on the deodorization effect, researching the influences of air intake load on the deodorization effect and simultaneously observing microbe distribution at different depths of a carrier