Showing papers on "Typing published in 1981"

Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy: accuracy of cytologic typing of malignant neoplasms

Abstract: A correlation was made between the cytologic and the histologic diagnoses of 162 patients who underwent transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy in whom histologic proof of the nature of the aspirated lesion was available. Compared to the histologic diagnosis, the specific cell-type cytologic diagnosis was usually in agreement when reported as squamous cell carcinoma (86%), adenocarcinoma (86%), or small cell anaplastic carcinoma(86%). In patients with a known extrapulmonary primary malignant neoplasm, the cytologic specimen was extremely helpful in identifying a new pulmonary lesion as metastatic rather than as a primary lesion in the lung. These results warrant the more extensive use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in patients with pulmonary neoplasms in whom the specific cell type of the malignant neoplasm has important implications in therapy.

Bacteriocins as tools in analysis of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.

Abstract: Epidemiological analysis of isolates from nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae was improved by the use of bacteriocins in addition to capsular serotyping. Screening for bacteriocins produced by 77 reference strains for capsular serotyping identified 39 strains, and 8 of these strains were selected as a typing set. Using this set, we found that 241 to 259 (91%) nonepidemic clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were inhibited by one or more of the eight producers. Of the most frequent bacteriocin type there were 31 examples (12%). High reproducibility of typing patterns (83.3%) and easy practicability of typing were achieved with a streak-and-point method avoiding the use of suspensions of bacteriocins and the risk of instability. The Klebsiella bacteriocins were active also on Enterobacter and Shigella species and on Escherichia coli strains, but were ineffective on other Enterobacteriacae.

Bovine alpha-lactalbumin C and alpha S1-, beta- and kappa-caseins of Bali (Banteng) cattle, bos (Bibos) javanicus.

Abstract: An electrophoretic examination is made of milk samples taken from eight Bali (banteng) cattle, Bos (Bibos) javanicus, at Beatrice Hills, Northern Territory, Australia. Starch-gel electrophoresis at pH 8 · 5 (NaOH-HB0 buffer) and filter-paper electrophoresis at pH 8· 6 (diethylbarbiturate buffer) indicate that all samples contain a new α-lactalbumin variant, designated a-lactalbumin C. The order of mobility for bovine variants is A > B > C. The C variant differs from the common B variant in having one more amide residue (substitution of Asn for Asp or GIn for Glu). © ASEG. Examination of milk samples by urea-starch-gel electrophoresis at alkaline pH indicates that there is a new asrcasein variant, designated α-casein E;, present in some samples. No new K-casein variant is detected by this method (all samples typing as K-casein B). A new variant of β-casein, designated Ais detected by urea-starch-gel electrophoresis at low pH. The variants of milk proteins observed in this paper and in Bell et al. (1981) are discussed in relation to those of other members of the Bovinae, especially the yak, Bos (Poephagus) grunniens.

A comparison of flagellar typing and phage typing as means of subdividing the O groups of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract: SUMMARY. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospitals were typed by O and H serology and bacteriophage typing. The H sera were prepared against purified flagella of six type strains. The most common O serogroups were 06, Ol1, O16 and O10, and together these groups represented more than half of the total number of strains. O subgrouping proved useful for the further division of groups 02 and 06. Percentage H typability was high, and many H patterns were found. Comparison of H typing and phage typing as a means of making subdivisions within O groups showed that, although the general discriminatory power of the two methods was similar, H typing performed better than phage-typing in the more common O serogroups.

The HLA-D system: at least two loci and four distinct phenotypic traits per haplotype. Introduction to component typing in families and population by primed lymphocyte typing.

Abstract: Using a number of intrafamilial PLTs raised against identical HLA haplotypes it has been possible to construct a model in an informative family defining the HLA-D region as a genetic system. This system consists of at least two regions separated by a recombination between HLA-D and GLO. In relation to the site of recombination, a minimum of one centromeric and three telomeric components can be identified per haplotype.—Fourteen PLTs raised and defined within the family were subsequently tested in a Caucasian population (n=84) and in 13 unrelated, complete families.—It is concluded that the hypothetical model proposed for the HLA-D region as a genetic system of linked loci, coding at the cell surface for associated but distinct components (at least four per haplotype), allows for typing of the components of the HLA-D system of any given haplotype. Serological typing of HLA-D components should, in the near future, provide a more convenient way of establishing component phenotypes than the present use of primed lymphocyte typing reagents. Among the components isolated, some have a high association with the classic alleles defined either by homozygous typing cells or DR serology. Others form the basis of cross-reactivity but their presence does not interfere with standard typing. Others, however, seem by their mere presence to be responsible for false assignments.—The concept of HLA-D as a genetic system clarifies many of the inconsistencies observed with a one-locus system.

Phage typing of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex.

Abstract: Because of the need for additional criteria for characterizing strains of the M. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex the practicality of phage typing was examined. We developed a satisfactory method for plaque assays with these organisms using the soft-agar overlay technique with Dubos oleic acid-albumen agar. Cells were cultured in 7H9 broth enriched with oleic acid-albumen complex and glycerol. A number of available phages and 2 phages recently isolated from soil were tested for their ability to infect various MAIS strains. Phages AN9, AN3, AN1-8, D302, VA6, VC3, D32, JF1, JF2, JF3, and JF4 were selected for preliminary typing. All of the phages were propagated on M. smegmatis. Sixty-one MAIS strains having 29 different serotypes were tested and 33 were sensitive to at least 1 phage. Of 17 M. avium strains (serotypes 1, 2, and 3), 16 were phage-sensitive. Considerable diversity in patterns of phage lysis was observed, and the patterns of lysis did not coincide with serotype. Although we do not yet have a formal phage typing scheme, our results indicated that the MAIS strains are suitable for phage typing.

The effect of lymphocyte recovery on lymphocyte typing results.

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between percent recovery of lymphocytes and T- and B-cell typing results. Lymphocytes were recovered from heparinized whole blood by density gradient centrifugation. T- and B-cells were enumerated by spontaneous sheep rosetting and direct fluorescent antibody staining for surface immunoglobulin, respectively. The findings indicate that at low recovery levels (<80%) there is a significant increase in variability of lymphocyte typing results and a significant increase in IgG-bearing B-lymphocytes. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. These results suggest that lymphocyte typing results should be interpreted in relation to recovery level and that recovery levels of ≥80% are desirable.

Characterisation of urinary isolates of Escherichia coli by multiple typing: a retrospective analysis.

Abstract: Cultures of Escherichia coli of urinary origin were examined after storage for 12 to 15 years by a combination of the techniques of biotyping, resistotyping, haemagglutinin typing, and colicin typing (multiple typing) which allowed strain identification to be made even when variation in one or more typing characters had occurred in vivo. Biotyping and resistotyping used in conjunction were sufficient to allow identification of as many as 106 of 110 pairs of E. coli examined. In the four pairs of isolates for which it was necessary to extend strain identification profiles to include data from other typing methods, probable strain identification was achieved for all but one pair. The multiple typing approach seems useful for retrospective analysis of stored cultures of E. coli.

Discrimination by multiple typing of isolates of Shigella sonnei in Dundee (1971-6).

Abstract: Different strains of Shigella sonnei present in Dundee from 1971 to 1976 were identified by a "multiple typing' method in which resistotyping, used as the main method of differentiation, was supplemented by colicine typing, antibiogram testing and biotyping. At least 19 different "multiple types' (MTs) were identified by combining information from the four typing techniques. The relation of the different types and their possible derivation from each other are discussed. The practical value of multiple typing was demonstrated in a study of 247 isolates, of three distinct MTs, recovered from 178 persons involved in an extended outbreak centred primarily on day nurseries. A few episodes that yielded isolates of different resistotypes were analysed to determine whether the cultures were: isolates of the same strain different in resistotype as a result of in vivo or in vitro variation of resistotype characters, or isolates of distinct strains of different resistotypes. The multiple typing approach clarified the way in which different MTs emerged, persisted, disappeared or co-existed in the community during the 6 years of the study.

Bacteriocin (marcescin) typing of clinically isolated Serratia marcescens.

Abstract: NASU, M. Bacteriocin (Marcescin) Typing of Clinically Isolated Serratia marcescens. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (1), 33-43 A study of bacteriocin (marcescin) typing was carried out by an agar cross streaking method (without any induction reagent) with 654 strains of Serratia marcescens recently isolated from clinical materials in Nagasaki University Hospital. In a complete checker-board experiment with 80 strains on bacteriocin production and sensitivity, 43 strains (54%) were productive, 74 (93%) were sensitive and 4 (5%) were negative. Immunity was confirmed in all strains. Eight out of 80 strains of Serratia marcescens were selected as indicators in order to achieve the best differentiation of strains in bacteriocin typing, and 654 strains were classified into 30 types by bacteriocin production typing and into 49 types by bacteriocin sensitivity typing; the former showed more stable results than the latter in reproducibility. Bacteriocins produced by this method were considered to be high molecular, phage tail-like group A bacteriocins reported by Prinsloo (1966). Bacteriocin production typing was more useful for classification and subdivision of strains than serotyping (0-group).

Preliminary attempts at bacteriocin typing of lactic streptococci.

Abstract: Preliminary attempts at typing Streptococcus lactis, S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis and Streptococcus cremoris strains by bacteriocins (lactostrepcins) are presented. Among 106 strains used about 85% were sensitive to lactostreptocins. The highest proportion of bacteriocin-typing strains was observed in S. lactis species. Lactostrepcin-sensitive strains could be divided into 6 types. The results confirm some individual features of S. diacetylactis compared with S. lactis.

[Typing of E. coli rough strains with phages (author's transl)]

Abstract: Two phage-sets were used for the typing of 408 E. coli rough strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections, Using the 13 phages A to M (11), we were able to type 225 (55.1 per cent) strains. 143 (35 per cent) of these strains were found to have K antigen, 84 different phage patterns could be recognized. Phage patterns GHK, M, F, and AM were the most common ones found. The application of the typical rough phages Br10, C21, 6SR, FP1, T4, and the Felix O (FO) phage led to the successful typing of 143 (35 per cent) strains, 80 of which (19.6 per cent) had a K antigen. About 70 per cent of the strains typable were found to belong to phage patterns which were represented by single phages, 24 different R phage patterns were observed. Considering both phage-sets the total typability amounted to 67 per cent. It is concluded that phage typing may be useful for the typing of E. coli rough strains in urinary tract infections in order to distinguish between relapse and reinfection.

Comparison of epidemiological methods for differentiation of Proteus mirabilis.

Abstract: During the study of suspected cross-infection within a hospital, epidemiological typing techniques are often employed to aid in the identification of transmission patterns of nosocomially-acquired bacteria. In this study, five bacteriological typing methods were assessed for their ability to type and differentiate 100 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis. The methods evaluated include biotyping, bacteriophage typing with the method of Hickman and Farmer and the scheme of Schmidt and Jeffries, and typing by both bacteriocin production and bacteriocin sensitivity. Each of the phage and bacteriocin methods were further evaluated by typing 14 isolates of P mirabilis derived from an outbreak of infection on a surgical intensive care unit. All 100 isolates were typed by biochemical characteristics and were divided into seven distinct biotypes. Ninety-five percent of these strains were separated into 61 lysis patterns with the phage set of Hickman and Farmer whereas the Schmidt and Jeffries phage scheme was able to type 67% of the cultures into nine unique lysis patterns. Bacteriocin sensitivity typing resulted in 41 distinct patterns with 71% of the strains typable and typing by bacteriocin production yielded 29 distinct bacteriocin types among the 80% typable strains. Typing by bacteriocin production demonstrated that 13 of the 14 epidemic isolates were the same strain. All epidemic-related cultures were untypable with the Hickman and Farmer phage set, whereas typing by bacteriocin sensitivity and the phage set of Schmidt and Jeffries resulted in two and four isolates typable, respectively. Based on the results of typing random and epidemic isolates of P mirabilis, bacteriocin production typing is recommended as a sensitive and specific typing method for future epidemiological surveys.

Proteus-typing by proticin production and susceptibility

Abstract: A Proteus-typing method based on proticin production and proticin susceptibility (c.f. Senior, 1977) has been modified to increase its sensitivity. Proticins were prepared in fluid medium and applied to agar-plates shortly before seeding the plates with indicator bacteria. A given 10 proticin producer strains, which are responsible for the susceptibility patterns of the indicator-bacteria (S-types), form the foundation for this typing method. Using this producer-set an indicator-set (28 strains) was selected which was suitable for the typing of strains with different proticin activities (P-types). Standardization of the temperature for proticin production proved to be necessary. The degree of similarity between proticins was further elaborated by testing all indicator strains for susceptibility to proticin titrations. In the group of 148 clinical Proteus-isolates (four species) used for the development of the typing system 28 S-types and 34 P-types were observed. By combining the S- and P-type parameters 86 S-P-types were obtained for the 4 species combined. Seven strains were not typable. A separate group of 100 clinical Proteus-isolates was tested in order to prove the usefulness of the method. 39 new S-P-types were found. Repeated isolations from the same patients yielded the same patterns. Proteus S-P-typing is a useful method for the typing of Proteux vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis, but proves inadequate for the typing of Proteus rettgeri and Proteus morganii.

Typing Streptococci in Renal Disease

Abstract: Excerpt To the editor: Gibney and colleagues (1) recently suggested that it would be interesting to ascertain the serologic type of streptococcus isolated from an infection in a patient whose renal...