A. L. Cavalieri

TL;DR: The ability to obtain direct time-domain access to charge dynamics with attosecond resolution by probing photoelectron emission from single-crystal tungsten is demonstrated and illustrates thatAttosecond metrology constitutes a powerful tool for exploring not only gas-phase systems, but also fundamental electronic processes occurring on the attose Cond timescale in condensed-matter systems and on surfaces.

TL;DR: Ultrafast metrology reveals a 20-attosecond delay between photoemission from different electronic orbitals in neon atoms and theoretical models refined with the help of attosecond timing metrology may provide insight into electron correlations and allow the setting of the zero of time in atomic-scale chronoscopy with a precision of a few attose Cond.

TL;DR: The current state of lightwave electronics is reviewed and some future directions are highlighted, including Controlled few-cycle light waves and synchronized attosecond pulses constitute its key tools.

TL;DR: These experiments combine stroboscopic techniques that use a high-brightness linear electron accelerator–based x-ray source with pulse-by-pulse timing reconstruction for femtosecond resolution, allowing quantitative characterization of the interatomic potential energy surface of the highly excited solid.

TL;DR: It is shown that, to first order in time, the dynamics are inertial, and constraints on the shape and curvature of the transition-state potential energy surface are placed, pointing toward analogies between this nonequilibrium phase transition and the short-time dynamics intrinsic to equilibrium liquids.