Showing papers by "Amnon Yariv published in 2006"
TL;DR: The transmission and group delay of microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) was measured and it was found that the CROWs had a delay of 110-140 ps and a slowing factor of 23-29 over a 17 GHz bandwidth.
Abstract: We measured the transmission and group delay of microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs). The CROWs consisted of 12 weakly coupled, microring resonators fabricated in optical polymers (PMMA on Cytop). The intrinsic quality factor of the resonators was 18,000 and the interresonator coupling was 1%, resulting in a delay of 110-140 ps and a slowing factor of 23-29 over a 17 GHz bandwidth.
222 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that such configurations exhibit a new type of Sagnac effect which can be used for the realization of highly compact integrated rotation sensors and gyroscopes in slow-light waveguide structures consisting of coupled microring resonators.
Abstract: We study the effect of rotation on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in slow-light waveguide structures consisting of coupled microring resonators. We show that such configurations exhibit a new type of Sagnac effect which can be used for the realization of highly compact integrated rotation sensors and gyroscopes.
196 citations
TL;DR: By properly designing the laser structure, it is possible to increase the difficulty of eavesdropping almost arbitrarily, thus making the scheme an intriguing alternative and a complementary technology to quantum key-distribution systems.
Abstract: We propose and analyze a new concept for secure key distribution based on establishing laser oscillations between the sender and receiver. Compared to quantum mechanics based systems, our scheme allows for significantly higher key-establishing rates and longer ranges. By properly designing the laser structure, it is possible to increase the difficulty of eavesdropping almost arbitrarily, thus making our scheme an intriguing alternative and a complementary technology to quantum key-distribution systems.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive analysis of the Johnson-like noise based classical key-distribution scheme presented by Kish and suggest two passive attack strategies that enable an adversary to gain complete knowledge of the exchanged key.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present measurements of the transmission and dispersion properties of coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) consisting of weakly coupled polymer microring resonators.
Abstract: We present measurements of the transmission and dispersion properties of coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) consisting of weakly coupled polymer microring resonators. The fabrication and the measurement methods of the CROWs are discussed as well. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical loss, waveguide dispersion, group delay, group velocity, and group-velocity dispersion (GVD). The intrinsic quality factors of the microrings were about 1.5/spl times/10/sup 4/ to 1.8/spl times/10/sup 4/, and group delays greater than 100 ps were measured with a GVD between -70 and 100 ps/(nm/spl middot/resonator). With clear and simple spectral responses and without a need for the tuning of the resonators, the polymer microring CROWs demonstrate the practicability of using a large number of microresonators to control the propagation of optical waves.
62 citations
TL;DR: The capability to modify the spectral line shapes by tuning the coupling between or losses of two resonators may find applications in optical filtering, switching, sensing, and dispersion engineering.
Abstract: The transmission spectra of a Fabry-Perot etalon coupled to a microtoroid resonator are studied theoretically and experimentally. The resonance line shapes depend strongly on the resonance wavelength detuning and coupling strength between the two resonators. A wide variety of line shapes, ranging from a single to triple peaks, symmetric to asymmetric Fano-like peaks, and notches were predicted and observed experimentally. The capability to modify the spectral line shapes by tuning the coupling between or losses of two resonators may find applications in optical filtering, switching, sensing, and dispersion engineering.
58 citations
TL;DR: A photochromic all-optical switch in telecommunication-grade fiber is fabricated by filling a fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot resonator with a spiro-oxazine solution as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A photochromic all-optical switch in telecommunication-grade fiber is fabricated by filling a fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot resonator with a spiro-oxazine solution. The narrow linewidth of the resonator allows for a high sensitivity of the resonance wavelengths to the index change. The switch is controlled by low intensity UV light exposure, and operation at infrared telecommunication wavelengths is demonstrated. The switching speed on the order of minutes has been achieved.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a low loss, single-mode polymer waveguides and microring resonators were realized in SU-8 (MichroChem) using direct E-beam lithography.
Abstract: We realize low loss, single-mode polymer waveguides and microring resonators in SU-8 (MichroChem) using direct E-beam lithography. We also present and demonstrate a novel and simple approach for accurately extracting the propagation loss in the waveguides as well as the coupling between the waveguide and the microring. The demonstrated approach is insensitive to the I/O coupling efficiency to the optical chip and does not require any pre-calibration of the experimental setup.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the integration of a 3-dB multimode interference coupler with a corrugated sidewall Bragg grating in planar polymer waveguides by direct electron beam writing.
Abstract: We demonstrate the integration of a 3-dB multimode interference coupler with a corrugated sidewall Bragg grating in planar polymer waveguides by direct electron beam writing. Both transmission and reflection spectra of the Bragg grating are measured through this integrated device directly. We use the thermooptic effect to tune the integrated waveguide grating, achieving a tuning range of 6.2 nm and a bandwidth variation of 0.3 nm within a temperature change of 62/spl deg/C.
13 citations
TL;DR: Numerical stability analysis reveals that non paraxial TM soltions are unstable to perturbations and tend to catastrophically collapse while TE solitons are stable even in the extreme nonparaxial limit.
Abstract: Recent generalizations of the standard nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLSE), aimed at describing nonparaxial propagation in Kerr media are examined. An analysis of their limitations, based on available exact results for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) (1+1)-D spatial solitons, is presented. Numerical stability analysis reveals that nonparaxial TM soltions are unstable to perturbations and tend to catastrophically collapse while TE solitons are stable even in the extreme nonparaxial limit.
12 citations
TL;DR: Elect electrically pumped InGaAsP two-dimensional Bragg grating (2DBG) lasers with two line defects are demonstrated, promising candidates for single-mode, high power, and high efficiency large-area lasers.
Abstract: We demonstrate electrically pumped InGaAsP two-dimensional Bragg grating (2DBG) lasers with two line defects. The 2DBG structure uses a weak 2D index perturbation surface grating to control the optical modes in the plane of the wafer. Measurements of the 2DBG lasers show that modal control in both the longitudinal and transverse directions is due to the gratings and defects. The 2DBG lasers are promising candidates for single-mode, high power, and high efficiency large-area lasers.
TL;DR: Two-dimensional Bragg grating (2DBG) structures with two quarter-wave slip line defects have been designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Two-dimensional Bragg grating (2DBG) lasers with two quarter-wave slip line defects have been designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Unlike conventional two-dimensional photonic crystal defect lasers, which use a large refractive index perturbation to confine light in a plane, the 2DBG structures described here selectively control the longitudinal and transverse wave vector components using a weak index perturbation. Two line defects perpendicular to each other are introduced in the 2DBG to define the optical resonance condition in the longitudinal and transverse directions. In this article, we describe the lithography process used to pattern these devices. The 2DBG lasers were defined using polymethylmethacrylate resist exposed in a Leica Microsystems EBPG 5000+ electron-beam writer at 100 kV. A proximity correction code was used to obtain a uniform pattern distribution over a large area, and a dosage matrix was used to optimize the laser design parameters. Measurements of electrically pumped 2DBG lasers showed modal selection in both the longitudinal and transverse directions due to proper design of the grating and defects, making them promising candidates for single-mode, high power, high efficiency, large-area lasers.
TL;DR: It is concluded that Bragg onion resonators can both enhance and inhibit spontaneous emission by several orders of magnitude and can have significant impact in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).
Abstract: We formulated an analytical model and analyzed the modification of spontaneous emission in Bragg onion resonators. We consider both the case of a single light emitter and a uniformly distributed ensemble of light emitters within the resonator. We obtain an expression for the average radiation rate of the light emitters ensemble and discuss the modification of the average radiation rate as a function of cavity parameters such as the core radius, the number of Bragg cladding layers, the index contrast of the Bragg cladding, and the refractive index of surrounding medium. We also consider the possibility of non-exponential decay of the light emitter ensemble due to the strong dependence of spontaneous emission on the location and polarization of individual light emitter. We conclude that Bragg onion resonators can both enhance and inhibit spontaneous emission by several orders of magnitude. This property can have significant impact in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).
24 Feb 2006
TL;DR: In this article, a radial Bragg confinement was proposed to break the link between the characteristics of the mode and paves a new way for the realization of compact and low loss resonators.
Abstract: Circular resonators are fundamentally interesting elements that are essential for research involving highly confined fields and strong photon-atom interactions such as cavity QED, as well as for practical applications in optical communication systems as and biochemical sensing. The important characteristics of a ring resonator are the Q-factor, the free spectral range (FSR) and the modal volume, where the last two are primarily determined by the resonator dimensions. The Total-Internal-Reflection (TIR) mechanism employed in "conventional" resonators couples between these characteristics and limits the ability to realize compact devices with large FSR, small modal volume and high Q. Recently, we proposed and analyzed a new class of a resonator in an annular geometry that is based on a single defect surrounded by radial Bragg reflectors on both sides. The radial Bragg confinement breaks the link between the characteristics of the mode and paves a new way for the realization of compact and low loss resonators. Such properties as well as the unique mode profile of the ABRs make this class of devices an excellent tool for ultra-sensitive biochemical detection as well as for studies in nonlinear optics and cavity QED.
21 May 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the transmission amplitude and phase properties of Coupled-Resonator Optical Waveguides were measured in the form of a large number of weakly coupled microring resonators fabricated in optical polymers.
Abstract: We present measurements of the transmission amplitude and phase properties of Coupled-Resonator Optical Waveguides in the form of a large number ( >10) of weakly coupled microring resonators fabricated in optical polymers.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate 95% efficient coherent power combination of two semiconductor DFB lasers by using electronic feedback and optical phase-locked Loops (OPLLs).
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate 95% efficient coherent power combination of two semiconductor DFB lasers by using electronic feedback and Optical Phase-Locked Loops (OPLLs). The rms phase error between the locked lasers is about 30 degrees.