Arthur C. Ouwehand

TL;DR: In vitro studies provide evidence to the prebiotic characteristics of polydextrose and xylitol and demonstrate a beneficial shift in the metabolic patterns of the colon microbes was measured with both of the tested products.

TL;DR: None of the measurable virulence factors were found to be present at statistically higher level in clinical blood isolates when compared to faecal and/or probiotic isolates indicating that these factors do not cause risk when safety of probiotics is considered.

TL;DR: It is in patients' best interest to use probiotics in the prevention and treatment of conditions when the evidence is convincing and to protect high-risk patients, probiotic products should meet stringent microbiological standards.

TL;DR: NCFM alleviates moderate to severe abdominal pain, consistent with earlier observations of this strain mitigating visceral pain through increased analgesic receptor expression.

TL;DR: This review explores whether genetic or phenotypic changes, by accident or design, might affect the efficacy or safety of commercial probiotics, and highlights key issues important to determining the need to re‐confirm efficacy orSafety after strain improvement, process optimization, or product formulation changes.