PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem, wherein it is impossible for an electronic content information provider to provide commercially secure and effective method, for a configurable general-purpose electronic commercial transaction/distribution control system. SOLUTION: In this system, having at least one protected processing environment for safely controlling at least one portion of decoding of digital information, a secure content distribution method comprises a process for encapsulating digital information in one or more digital containers; a process for encrypting at least a portion of digital information; a process for associating at least partially secure control information for managing interactions with encrypted digital information and/or digital container; a process for delivering one or more digital containers to a digital information user; and a process for using a protected processing environment, for safely controlling at least a portion of the decoding of the digital information. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a423264.pdf

Systems and Methods for Secure Transaction Management and Electronic Rights Protection

What will 5G be? What it will not be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backward compatibility. Indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. However, unlike the previous four generations, it will also be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience. To support this, the core network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue.

What Will 5G Be

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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >

On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system

The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.

Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

In this paper we analyse the performance of an Adaptive Random-Reservation Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol which can support all ATM service classes while providing the required Quality of Service (QoS). Our study focuses on parameter optimisation of the multiple access schemes for ATM over a GEO satellite with on-board processing capabilities, considering various traffic mixes of Constant Bit Rate (CBR), real-time Variable Bit Rate (rt VBR), non-real-time VBR (nrt VBR) and Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR). It is shown that maximum throughput can be achieved by using this access scheme. A TDMA access protocol combining both Random Access and Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) is particularly suited for a scenario with a high number of terminals and very bursty UBR traffic (e.g. web browsing). UBR sources with short burst length access the slots remaining after the reservation procedure by random access which drastically reduces the slot access delay, at the expense of lower utilisation.

/pdf/an-adaptive-random-reservation-mac-protocol-to-guarantee-qos-5ercjqxb90.pdf

An adaptive random-reservation MAC protocol to guarantee QoS for ATM over satellite

This paper discusses networking issues associated with the provision of L/S-band personal satellite communications. Both the UMTS and IMT-2000 third generation mobile communication concepts have identified the need for a satellite component as part of their overall structure. The work is mostly based on the ESA-developed medium altitude global satellite system (MAGSS-14).1 It is, therefore, mainly relevant to MEO (medium earth orbit) constellations but most ideas can also be extended to LEO (low earth orbit) constellations. After examining user and service requirements the specific networking issues associated with personal satellite communications are reviewed. A network architecture is then proposed which takes these restrictions into account. Based on this network architecture, network signalling requirements, more specifically those relevant to network common control channels, are estimated.

Network and common channel signalling aspects of dynamic satellite constellations

Accurate representation of periodic speech segments is essential for synthesizing high quality digital speech at very low bit rates For bit rates at 48 kb/s and below, conventional code excited linear prediction (CELP) does not provide the appropriate degree of periodicity It has been suggested that good quality low bit rate speech can be obtained from frequency domain techniques such as STC, NMR and MB-LPC vocoders A MB-LPC vocoder operating at 24 kb/s and below is presented which exploits the advantages of both time- and frequency-domain speech coding to produce natural sounding, good quality speech This also includes a new frequency domain post-filter which attenuates the noise in the formant nulls and enhances the synthesized speech >

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/666/5208/00200741.pdf

Natural sounding speech coder operating at 2.4 kb/s and below

The relation between the pattern shape and the performance of an SPCN handheld antenna is examined based on the relation between the environment and the noise received by the antenna. Typical quadrifilar helix antenna patterns in different environments were used to calculate the received noise and to evaluate the performance of these antennas for the ICO satellite system.

The design of specifications for satellite PCN handheld antennas

A novel approach for improving the performance of the soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) when applied to turbo decoding is proposed. Based upon a modified two-step scaling factor approach for the decoder's extrinsic information, it is shown that the proposed technique reduces significantly the error floor present in previous SOVA-based turbo decoding techniques. Various computer simulated bit error rate (BER) performance evaluation results for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals transmitted over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and flat Rician fading channels clearly indicate that for large interleaver sizes and high numbers of decoding iterations no error floor is observed for BERs as low as 10 � 6 .

Barry G. Evans

Papers

An adaptive random-reservation MAC protocol to guarantee QoS for ATM over satellite

Network and common channel signalling aspects of dynamic satellite constellations

Natural sounding speech coder operating at 2.4 kb/s and below

The design of specifications for satellite PCN handheld antennas

Improved performance SOVA turbo decoder