PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem, wherein it is impossible for an electronic content information provider to provide commercially secure and effective method, for a configurable general-purpose electronic commercial transaction/distribution control system. SOLUTION: In this system, having at least one protected processing environment for safely controlling at least one portion of decoding of digital information, a secure content distribution method comprises a process for encapsulating digital information in one or more digital containers; a process for encrypting at least a portion of digital information; a process for associating at least partially secure control information for managing interactions with encrypted digital information and/or digital container; a process for delivering one or more digital containers to a digital information user; and a process for using a protected processing environment, for safely controlling at least a portion of the decoding of the digital information. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a423264.pdf

Systems and Methods for Secure Transaction Management and Electronic Rights Protection

What will 5G be? What it will not be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backward compatibility. Indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. However, unlike the previous four generations, it will also be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience. To support this, the core network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue.

What Will 5G Be

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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >

On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system

The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.

Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

In the literature, the Gaussian input is assumed in power optimization algorithms. However, this assumption is unrealistic, whereas practical systems use Finite Symbol Alphabet (FSA) input, (e.g., M-QAM). In this paper, we consider the optimal power for joint interweave and underlay CR systems given FSA inputs. We formulated our problem as convex optimization and solved it through general convex optimization tools. We observed that the total SU transmit power is always less than the power budget and remains in interference limited region only over the considered distance range. Therefore, we re-derive optimal power with interference constraint only in order to reduce the complexity of the algorithm by solving it analytically. Numerical results reveal that, for the considered distance range, the transmit power saving and the rate gain with the proposed algorithm is in the range 16-92% and 7-34%, respectively, depending on the modulation scheme (i.e., BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM) used.

Power allocation for joint interweave and underlay cognitive radio systems with arbitrary input distributions

SatNEx is a European Network of Experts for satellite communications, coordinated by the German Aerospace Center DLR. The first two phases of SatNEx were funded by the EU from 2004 to 2009. The third phase, SatNEx-III, comprises 17 partners and is funded by ESA from 2010 to 2013. A core team consisting of DLR, University of Surrey, and University of Bologna is coordinating the SatNEx-III research activities. Specific research tasks are contracted to partners in the frame of annual “Call-off Orders”.

/pdf/satnex-phase-iii-satellite-communication-network-of-experts-4kt97tesht.pdf

SatNEx Phase III – Satellite Communication Network of Experts

Next generation Internet requires the capability of providing quality of service (QoS) with service differentiation. Broadband satellite networks as an integral part of the global broadband network infrastructure are moving towards the same goal of providing service differentiation. Due to the unique properties of the space environment, providing service differentiation in satellite networks has additional challenges such as long propagation delay. In this paper, we present an innovative profile-based probabilistic dropping scheme for the provision of relative loss differentiation in a geostationary (GEO) bandwidth on demand (BoD) satellite network which follows the DVB-RCS standard, approved and published by ETSI for interactive broadband satellite network. The network is structured to support a finite number of ordered service classes. We adopt the proportional differentiated service (PDS) model which strikes a balance between the strict QoS guarantee of Integrated Services (IntServ) and softer QoS guarantee of Differentiated Services (DiffServ) to provide proportional loss differentiation to different priority classes. Our scheme controls the loss rates by computing the appropriate packet drop probability based on the congestion level within each satellite terminal (ST) independent of operating condition of other terminals and without requiring a central controller or monitor. Unlike previous proposals designed for terrestrial and wireless networks where the correct differentiation is only achieved locally on per-hop basis (i.e. the queues for different classes must be co-located in a node sharing a common buffer and communication channel), our scheme is able to maintain network-wide proportional loss even though the queues are physically distributed. Additionally, in the design of our solution, we ensure simplicity of the algorithm to minimize overhead incurred in the satellite network and also intra- and inter-node differentiation consistency. We extend the ns-2 simulator with the BoD capability analogous to the DVB-RCS system in which STs first request for resources (i.e. time slots) and only start transmitting packets following the reception of burst time plan (BTP). We implement our loss differentiation algorithm and attach it to each ST. Simulation results show that the scheme is able to achieve the PDS model in a heterogeneous ST environment. Our results also suggest that the predictability property of the PDS model may be violated if the service provider configures the performance gaps between service classes to be too close. However, our scheme can fully achieve the controllability property of the model.

Providing Proportional Loss Differentiation over Bandwidth on Demand Satellite Networks

The reduction in size of Intelsat standard 'A' satellite communication antennas from 30.5 m to 15 m in diameter has necessitated the computation of depolarisation effects when the smaller antennas employ metal and dielectric space frame radomes for hardening and protection. Using the standard 15 m antennas enclosed by appropriately scaled-down metal and dielectric space frame radomes, the crosspolar discrimination (XPD) and the boresight shift (BS) have been computed close to antenna axis at 4 and 6 GHz. Comparison with the larger 30.5 m antennas enclosed by 45 m radomes have been made. It is reported that within 0.1 degrees of antenna boresight, the XPD introduced by the radomes does not exceed 33.0 dB as the worst case at 4 GHz. In particular, the Intelsat Specification of 30.7 dB for the XPD within the antenna's tracking beamwidth in clear weather conditions for frequency re-use satellite communication systems is satisfied. The BS is negligibly low. >

Barry G. Evans

Papers

Power allocation for joint interweave and underlay cognitive radio systems with arbitrary input distributions

SatNEx Phase III – Satellite Communication Network of Experts

Providing Proportional Loss Differentiation over Bandwidth on Demand Satellite Networks

Radome crosspolarisation on Intelsat standard 'A' communication satellite antennas

Demonstrating satellite integration in 5G networks – SaT5G’s eMBB use cases