Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

Much has been written about theory and practice in the law, and the tension between practitioners and theorists. Judges do not cite theoretical articles often; they rarely "apply" theories to particular cases. These arguments are not revisited. Instead the Essay explores the working and interaction of theory and practice, practitioners and theorists. The Essay starts with a story about solving a legal issue using our intellectual tools - theory, practice, and their progenies: experience and "gut." Next the Essay elaborates on the nature of theory, practice, experience and "gut." The third part of the Essay discusses theories that are helpful to practitioners and those that are less helpful. The Essay concludes that practitioners theorize, and theorists practice. They use these intellectual tools differently because the goals and orientations of theorists and practitioners, and the constraints under which they act, differ. Theory, practice, experience and "gut" help us think, remember, decide and create. They complement each other like the two sides of the same coin: distinct but inseparable.

Of Theory and Practice

Über die Adsorption in Lösungen

Chem. Pharm. Bull.(オピニオン)

The focus of this study is to synthesize a new calixarene derivative namely calix[6]arene (C21) and to test its performance as corrosion inhibitor of C38 steel in molar HCl at 308 K. Polarization and weight loss measurements were used. Weight loss tests show that C21 retards until to stop corrosion phenomenon at 5 × 10-5M. C21 is an excellent inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency increases with its concentration to reach 100% since 5 × 10-5M. Polarization curves revealed that C21 affects both cathodic and anodic domains by decreasing current densities and then it may be classified as a mixed type inhibitor. The calixarene tested is adsorbed on the surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Free enthalpy of adsorption reveals that C21 acts from chemisorption onto the steel surface.

INVESTIGATION OF ADSORPTION AND INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF CALIXARENE DERIVATIVE NEWLY SYNTHESIZED TOWARDS C38 STEEL IN MOLAR HCl

The effect of a new class of corrosion inhibitors namely 4-methoxy chalcone (A 1 ) and dichalcone (A 2 ) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl has been investigated by various techniques. Results obtained reveal that A 2 stimulates corrosion.The inhibition by the other compound increased with increasing additive concentration. The maximum inhibition efficiency reached 81% at 10 - 4 M. It has been shown that A 1 acts as a mixed type inhibitior and its adsorption on steel surface obeys the Temkin isotherm model. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of steel indicated that inhibition efficiency decreases with the rise of temperature in the range 298-338 K. The apparent activation energy for steel has been determined.

A new class of corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions

Corrosion inhibition behaviour of (E)-4-(2,3-Dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol- 5(4H)-one (P1) on mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl was investigated at various concentrations by gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. The polarization curves indicated that (E)-4-(2,3-Dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)- 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (P1) as mixed inhibitor. The adsorption of (E)-4-(2,3-Dihydro-1,3- benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (P1) on mild steel leading to inhibition was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The quantum chemical calculations were carried out to establish the mechanism of corrosion inhibition.

Relationship between structure and inhibition behaviour of (E)-4-(2,3-Dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one(P1) for mild steel corrosion: Experimental and theoretical approach

The eco-friendly ionic liquid 1-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl) pyridazinium chloride's (EOPC) newly synthesised electro-oxidation behaviors of boron-doped diamond (BDD) and SnO 2 in an alkaline media were compared using galvanostatic electrolysis. Various pyridazinium and alkaline concentrations were studied. In addition, the temperature, and density current effect of pyridazinium oxidation were investigated. The BDD showed a higher activity toward pyridazinium oxidation than the SnO 2. This is mainly due to the higher characteristics and the relatively inert nature of the BDD. The bulk electrolysis tests have shown that the complete removal of COD can only be achieved using a boron-doped diamond and that SnO 2 only permits a partial oxidation of pyridazinium. On the basis of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) evolution released during the treatment, a total mineralization has been proposed. Finally, electrolysis has been performed in the presence of NaCl. Based on these results, it is concluded that BDD has less poisoning effects and higher activity than SnO2 for the selective electro-oxidation of pyridazinium.

Comparison of Pyridazinium Electro-oxidation on Boron- doped Diamond (BDD) and SnO 2 in a Basic Medium

Corrosion is a big challenge and many corrosion control methods have been adopted all over the world. It can damage the materials, which are used to construct automobiles, pipeline systems, bridges and buildings, petroleum refineries, etc. Corrosion inhibitors are used as effective alternatives for the protection of metallic surfaces against corrosion. Herein, the corrosion inhibition characteristics of 2-(4-сhlorophenyl)-1,4-benzothiazin-3-one (CBT) have been studied as efficient inhibitor for corrosion control of mild steel in 2.0 M phosphoric acid solution using potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The effects of inhibitor concentration on the inhibition action were investigated. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of CBT concentration up to 85% obtained at 25 °C at 5 mM concentration. The adsorption of CBT on metal surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Adsorption isotherm study suggests that both physical and chemical adsorptions may be the type of adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface. Polarization measurements showed that the CBT acted as mixed inhibitor. The surface morphology of mild steel, in the absence and presence of CBT in 2.0 M phosphoric acid solution, was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM analysis strongly supports the results of electrochemical measurements.

/pdf/anticorrosive-efficiency-of-novel-1-4-benzothiazinone-4dlfo8cc52.pdf

Belkheir Hammouti

Papers

INVESTIGATION OF ADSORPTION AND INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF CALIXARENE DERIVATIVE NEWLY SYNTHESIZED TOWARDS C38 STEEL IN MOLAR HCl

A new class of corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions

Relationship between structure and inhibition behaviour of (E)-4-(2,3-Dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one(P1) for mild steel corrosion: Experimental and theoretical approach

Comparison of Pyridazinium Electro-oxidation on Boron- doped Diamond (BDD) and SnO 2 in a Basic Medium

Anticorrosive efficiency of novel 1,4-benzothiazinone derivative for mild steel in phosphoric acid solution