Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Supported metal nanostructures are the most widely used type of heterogeneous catalyst in industrial processes. The size of metal particles is a key factor in determining the performance of such catalysts. In particular, because low-coordinated metal atoms often function as the catalytically active sites, the specific activity per metal atom usually increases with decreasing size of the metal particles. However, the surface free energy of metals increases significantly with decreasing particle size, promoting aggregation of small clusters. Using an appropriate support material that strongly interacts with the metal species prevents this aggregation, creating stable, finely dispersed metal clusters with a high catalytic activity, an approach industry has used for a long time. Nevertheless, practical supported metal catalysts are inhomogeneous and usually consist of a mixture of sizes from nanoparticles to subnanometer clusters. Such heterogeneity not only reduces the metal atom efficiency but also frequent...

Single-atom catalysts: a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis.

Hollow micro-/nanostructures are of great interest in many current and emerging areas of technology. Perhaps the best-known example of the former is the use of fly-ash hollow particles generated from coal power plants as partial replacement for Portland cement, to produce concrete with enhanced strength and durability. This review is devoted to the progress made in the last decade in synthesis and applications of hollow micro-/nanostructures. We present a comprehensive overview of synthetic strategies for hollow structures. These strategies are broadly categorized into four themes, which include well-established approaches, such as conventional hard-templating and soft-templating methods, as well as newly emerging methods based on sacrificial templating and template-free synthesis. Success in each has inspired multiple variations that continue to drive the rapid evolution of the field. The Review therefore focuses on the fundamentals of each process, pointing out advantages and disadvantages where appropriate. Strategies for generating more complex hollow structures, such as rattle-type and nonspherical hollow structures, are also discussed. Applications of hollow structures in lithium batteries, catalysis and sensing, and biomedical applications are reviewed.

Hollow Micro-/Nanostructures: Synthesis and Applications**

As the field of nanomedicine emerges, there is a lag in research surrounding the topic of nanoparticle (NP) toxicity, particularly concerned with mechanisms of action. The continuous emergence of bacterial resistance has challenged the research community to develop novel antibiotic agents. Metal NPs are among the most promising of these because show strong antibacterial activity. This review summarizes and discusses proposed mechanisms of antibacterial action of different metal NPs. These mechanisms of bacterial killing include the production of reactive oxygen species, cation release, biomolecule damages, ATP depletion, and membrane interaction. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the effects of NPs on the regulation of genes and proteins (transcriptomic and proteomic) profiles is discussed.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12951-017-0308-z.pdf

Metal nanoparticles: understanding the mechanisms behind antibacterial activity.

It is well known that urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the rapidly increasing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are a major contributor to the formation of secondary pollutants (e.g., tropospheric ozone, PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate), and secondary organic aerosols) and photochemical smog. The emission of these pollutants has led to a large decline in air quality in numerous regions around the world, which has ultimately led to concerns regarding their impact on human health and general well-being. Catalytic oxidation is regarded as one of the most promising strategies for VOC removal from industrial waste streams. This Review systematically documents the progresses and developments made in the understanding and design of heterogeneous catalysts for VOC oxidation over the past two decades. It addresses in detail how catalytic performance is often drastically affected by the pollutant sources and reaction conditions. It also highlights the primary routes for catalyst deactivation and discusses protocols for their subsequent reactivation. Kinetic models and proposed oxidation mechanisms for representative VOCs are also provided. Typical catalytic reactors and oxidizers for industrial VOC destruction are further discussed. We believe that this Review will provide a great foundation and reference point for future design and development in this field.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-the-catalytic-oxidation-of-volatile-zw2c35dbg7.pdf

Recent Advances in the Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds: A Review Based on Pollutant Sorts and Sources.

Complete oxidation of o-xylene over Pd/Al(2)O(3) catalyst at low temperature

sol-gel method for NH3-SCR. Nevertheless, the reported CeTi based catalysts still have some problems in practical use, such as the narrow operation temperature window and poor activity in the low temperature range. Previous studies have shown that catalyst preparation meth- ods can significantly influence the catalytic performance of CeTi based catalysts, and a good dispersion of active compo- nent CeO2 on TiO2 is very important for the improvement of NH3-SCR activity. (8-10) Homogeneous precipitation, characterized by a highly uniform increase in the pH of metal salts solution achieved by thermal decomposition of some organic alkali, is a suitable catalyst preparation method that can produce highly dispersed mixed metal oxides. In this study, we report a signifi- cant improvement of CeTi based catalyst prepared by a ho- mogeneous precipitation method using urea as precipitator. NOx conversions and N2 selectivity over CeaTiOx(500) (a = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0) are presented in Figure 1. Ce0.1TiOx(500) showed

The Remarkable Improvement of a Ce ? Ti based Catalyst for NOx Abatement, Prepared by a Homogeneous Precipitation Method

Different amounts of silver were successfully incorporated into cryptomelane-type manganese oxide (K-OMS-2) via a one-step hydrothermal method for application in the catalytic combustion of benzene. Silver incorporation could promote the benzene oxidation performance of the catalysts. The silver doping effect was addressed in terms of the relationship between structure and activity. The prepared catalysts were characterized by ICP-OES, BET, XRD, Raman, FE-SEM, TEM, XPS, XAFS, H2-TPR and CO-TPD. The best precursor Mn/Ag mole ratio was 40. The resulting K/Ag-OMS-40 catalyst exhibited the highest activity in terms of benzene combustion and good tolerance to chlorine poisoning, all of which make it a promising candidate as an alternative to noble metal supported catalysts. All catalysts after silver incorporation maintained the structural integrity of the cryptomelane structure but with decreased crystalline size, which significantly increased the surface area and number of defects of the catalyst. The silver species, mostly in the form of Ag+, were well dispersed and partially replaced K+ in the tunnels of cryptomelane. K/Ag-OMS-40 had the largest surface area, the smallest nanorods and most abundant Mn octahedral defects. The large number of active oxygen species derived from the high Mn3+ content and Ag-O-Mn bridge bonds appeared to play critical roles in VOC decomposition.

Silver incorporated into cryptomelane-type Manganese oxide boosts the catalytic oxidation of benzene

Influence of alkali metals on Pd/TiO2 catalysts for catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde at room temperature

The development of highly efficient catalysts for ambient formaldehyde (HCHO) destruction is of great interest for indoor air purification. Here, we show that a sodium (Na)-doped iridium (Ir) catal...

Changbin Zhang

Papers

Complete oxidation of o-xylene over Pd/Al(2)O(3) catalyst at low temperature

The Remarkable Improvement of a Ce ? Ti based Catalyst for NOx Abatement, Prepared by a Homogeneous Precipitation Method

Silver incorporated into cryptomelane-type Manganese oxide boosts the catalytic oxidation of benzene

Influence of alkali metals on Pd/TiO2 catalysts for catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde at room temperature

Sodium Enhances Ir/TiO2 Activity for Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Ambient Temperature