https://caltcm.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/acc_aha_chf_2013_guidelines.pdf

2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all currently available evidence on a particular issue with the aim of assisting physicians in selecting the best management strategy for an individual patient suffering from a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk–benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines are no substitutes for textbooks. The legal implications of medical guidelines have been discussed previously.

A large number of Guidelines have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as well as by other societies and organizations. Because of the impact on clinical practice, quality criteria for development of guidelines have been established in order to make all decisions transparent to the user. The recommendations for formulating and issuing ESC Guidelines can be found on the ESC Web Site (http://www.escardio.org/guidelines-surveys/esc-guidelines/about/Pages/rules-writing.aspx).

In brief, experts in the field are selected and undertake a comprehensive review of the published evidence for management and/or prevention of a given condition. A critical evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is performed, including assessment of the risk–benefit ratio. Estimates of expected health outcomes for larger societies are included, where data exist. The level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular treatment options are weighed and graded according to pre-defined scales, as outlined in Tables 1 and 2 .

View this table:

Table 1 
Classes of recommendations



View this table:

Table 2 
Levels of evidence



The experts of the writing panels have provided disclosure statements of all relationships they may have that might be perceived as real or potential sources of conflicts of interest. These disclosure forms are kept on file at the European Heart House, headquarters of the ESC. Any changes in conflict of interest that arise during the writing period must be notified to the ESC. The Task Force report received its entire financial support from …

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-management-of-atrial-fibrillation-the-1cikaj4630.pdf

Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

The Task Force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)  

Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC  

Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO)

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-management-of-atrial-ba0601yb9m.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-management-of-atrial-36b2cidm1x.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO)

Supplementary Table 9, column 'Edoxaban', row 'eGFR category', '95 mL/min' (page 15). The cell should be coloured green instead of yellow. It should also read "60 mg"instead of "60 mg (use with caution in 'supranormal' renal function)."In the above-indicated cell, a footnote has also been added to state: "Edoxaban should be used in patients with high creatinine clearance only after a careful evaluation of the individual thromboembolic and bleeding risk."Supplementary Table 9, column 'Edoxaban', row 'Dose reduction in selected patients' (page 16). The cell should read "Edoxaban 60 mg reduced to 30 mg once daily if any of the following: creatinine clearance 15-50 mL/min, body weight <60 kg, concomitant use of dronedarone, erythromycin, ciclosporine or ketokonazole"instead of "Edoxaban 60 mg reduced to 30 mg once daily, and edoxaban 30 mg reduced to 15mg once daily, if any of the following: creatinine clearance of 30-50 mL/min, body weight <60 kg, concomitant us of verapamil or quinidine or dronedarone."

/pdf/2020-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-38dpic1xu8.pdf

2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).

Clinical Application of New Concepts of Parasystole, Reflection, and Tachycardia

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common monogenic cardiac disorder encountered in the clinic. Data relative to the electrophysiologic characteristics and pharmacologic responsiveness of human tissues and cells isolated from patients with HCM are rare. As a consequence, cellular mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenicity are poorly understood.



Methods

Cardiomyocytes were enzymatically dissociated from a septal myectomy surgically removed from a patient with obstructive HCM. Sharp microelectrodes and patch-clamp techniques were used to evaluate action potential and sodium channel current (INa) characteristics.



Results

Action potential morphology recorded was typical of an M cell, but with a longer than normal duration (APD) and a relatively steep APD-rate relationship. APD at all rates was significantly reduced following exposure to ranolazine (10 μM). Whole cell patch-clamp recording yielded robust peak INa and large late INa (1.1% of peak INa vs 0.1–0.2% in healthy controls). A large window current was observed as well. Ranolazine (10 μM) shifted steady-state V0.5 of inactivation by –8 mV, reduced late INa by 82%, and significantly diminished the window current.



Conclusion

Our results indicate the presence of cells with M-cell characteristics in the septum of the human heart, as has previously been described in the canine heart. They also point to an ameliorative effect of ranolazine to reduce augmented late INa and thus to reduce the prolonged APD in the setting of HCM. These results suggest a potential therapeutic role for ranolazine in HCM.

/pdf/electrophysiologic-characteristics-and-pharmacologic-48e7wukc0f.pdf

Electrophysiologic Characteristics and Pharmacologic Response of Human Cardiomyocytes Isolated from a Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Electrical diseases of the heart / , Electrical diseases of the heart / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Electrical diseases of the heart

A number of studies have described the presence of M cells in the midmyocardial layers of ventricular myŽ . w x ocardium of several species Table 1 1–14 . The M cell is distinguished by the ability of its action potential to prolong disproportionately to other myocardial ventricular cells in response to a slowing of rate andror to agents that prolong action potential duration. The ionic basis for these features of the M cell include the presence a smaller Ž . w x slowly activating delayed rectifier current I 1 as well Ks Ž . w x as a larger late sodium current late I 15 . The unique Na repolarization characteristics of the M cells have yielded some interesting observations relative to our understanding of the electrophysiology, pharmacology and pathophysiology of the ventricles of the heart as well as some new insights into the basis for the electrocardiographic J, T and w x U waves 16 . w x Rodriquez-Sinovas et al. 5 recently confirmed the presence of M cells in the canine heart, but presented evidence for their absence in the porcine heart. Without discounting the value of this fine study, we would like to point out that the work involving the canine tissues was performed using adult dogs, whereas that involving porcine tissues employed pigs 1 to 2 months of age. This difference may be a critically important one in that recent developmental studies indicate that in the dog the M cell is not electrophysiologically distinct until approximately 3 Ž . months of age unpublished observation . The neonatal heart is homogeneous with respect to action potential morphology in the first few days of life. A notched appearance of the action potential gradually appears in epicardial and midmyocardial, but not endocardial, cells in the first few weeks of life due to the accentuation of phase 1, secondary to an increase in the density of the transient Ž . outward current I . Differences in the time of repolarizato tion of phase 3 of the action potential among cells span-

/pdf/are-m-cells-present-in-the-ventricular-myocardium-of-the-pig-45cdmep3qi.pdf

Charles Antzelevitch

Papers

Clinical Application of New Concepts of Parasystole, Reflection, and Tachycardia

Electrophysiologic Characteristics and Pharmacologic Response of Human Cardiomyocytes Isolated from a Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Electrical diseases of the heart

Are M cells present in the ventricular myocardium of the pig? A question of maturity

Developmental changes in expression and biophysics of ion channels in the canine ventricle.