https://caltcm.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/acc_aha_chf_2013_guidelines.pdf

2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all currently available evidence on a particular issue with the aim of assisting physicians in selecting the best management strategy for an individual patient suffering from a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk–benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines are no substitutes for textbooks. The legal implications of medical guidelines have been discussed previously.

A large number of Guidelines have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as well as by other societies and organizations. Because of the impact on clinical practice, quality criteria for development of guidelines have been established in order to make all decisions transparent to the user. The recommendations for formulating and issuing ESC Guidelines can be found on the ESC Web Site (http://www.escardio.org/guidelines-surveys/esc-guidelines/about/Pages/rules-writing.aspx).

In brief, experts in the field are selected and undertake a comprehensive review of the published evidence for management and/or prevention of a given condition. A critical evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is performed, including assessment of the risk–benefit ratio. Estimates of expected health outcomes for larger societies are included, where data exist. The level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular treatment options are weighed and graded according to pre-defined scales, as outlined in Tables 1 and 2 .

View this table:

Table 1 
Classes of recommendations



View this table:

Table 2 
Levels of evidence



The experts of the writing panels have provided disclosure statements of all relationships they may have that might be perceived as real or potential sources of conflicts of interest. These disclosure forms are kept on file at the European Heart House, headquarters of the ESC. Any changes in conflict of interest that arise during the writing period must be notified to the ESC. The Task Force report received its entire financial support from …

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-management-of-atrial-fibrillation-the-1cikaj4630.pdf

Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

The Task Force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)  

Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC  

Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO)

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-management-of-atrial-ba0601yb9m.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-management-of-atrial-36b2cidm1x.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO)

Supplementary Table 9, column 'Edoxaban', row 'eGFR category', '95 mL/min' (page 15). The cell should be coloured green instead of yellow. It should also read "60 mg"instead of "60 mg (use with caution in 'supranormal' renal function)."In the above-indicated cell, a footnote has also been added to state: "Edoxaban should be used in patients with high creatinine clearance only after a careful evaluation of the individual thromboembolic and bleeding risk."Supplementary Table 9, column 'Edoxaban', row 'Dose reduction in selected patients' (page 16). The cell should read "Edoxaban 60 mg reduced to 30 mg once daily if any of the following: creatinine clearance 15-50 mL/min, body weight <60 kg, concomitant use of dronedarone, erythromycin, ciclosporine or ketokonazole"instead of "Edoxaban 60 mg reduced to 30 mg once daily, and edoxaban 30 mg reduced to 15mg once daily, if any of the following: creatinine clearance of 30-50 mL/min, body weight <60 kg, concomitant us of verapamil or quinidine or dronedarone."

/pdf/2020-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-38dpic1xu8.pdf

2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).

Models of parasystole and reentry in isolated Purkinje fibers.

Brugada Syndrome: Overview

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is commonly encountered in the clinic. The clinical phenotype ranges from asymptomatic sinus bradycardia to complete atrial standstill. In some cases, sinus bradycardia is associated with other myocardial conditions such as congenital abnormalities, myocarditis, dystrophies, cardiomyopathies as well as fibrosis or other structural remodeling of the SA node.1-8 Although there are many etiologies for symptomatic slow heart rates, the only effective treatment available today is the implantation of a pacemaker. The predominant ion channel currents contributing to the pacemaker activity in the sinoatrial node (SAN) include currents flowing through hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels,9 Ltype Ca, Ttype Ca,10 delayed rectifier K,11,12 and acetylcholine (ACh)-activated13,14 channels. However, their relative contribution remains a matter of debate and the cellular mechanisms contributing to abnormal sinus node function leading to bradycardia are not fully elucidated. Sodium channel current (INa), encoded by SCN5A, is responsible for the cardiac action potential (AP) upstroke and therefore has an important role in initiation and propagation of the cardiac action potential. Although it is largely absent in the sinus node, it plays an important role at the periphery of the sinus node in transmitting electrical activity from the sinus node to the rest of the atria. Mutations in genes encoding structural anchoring proteins (ANK2, Caveolin3, AKAP9) have been associated with the development of atrial as well as ventricular arrhythmias.15, 16, 17 Sinus node dysfunction has been associated with a variety of atrial tachyarrhythmias, atrial fibrillation (AF) in particular. In recent years, numerous publications have focused on the genetic basis for ion channels and structural protein remodeling, providing further insights in the mechanisms of sinus node dysfunction and its role in AF. In this review, we will focus on the genetic aspects of the various forms of sinus node dysfunction and their relation to AF.

http://www.jafib.com/published/webFormat/Charles/charles.pdf

Genetics and Sinus Node Dysfunction.

Evaluation of: Miles RH, Passman R, Murdock DK. Comparison of effectiveness and safety of ranolazine versus amiodarone for preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am. J. Cardiol. 108(5), 673–676 (2011). Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major complication of cardiothoracic surgery, leading to significant consequences, including a higher rate of stroke, longer hospital stays and increased costs. Amiodarone is among the most widely used agents for prevention of postoperative AF. Ranolazine, a US FDA-approved antianginal agent, has been shown to effectively, safely prevent and terminate nonpostoperative AF in both experimental and clinical studies. In a recent publication, Miles and colleagues directly compared the efficacy and safety of amiodarone and ranolazine for prevention of postoperative AF in 393 patients. The patients were pretreated with amiodarone and ranolaizne for >1 week and 1 day, respectively, and the treatment continued for 10–14 days after surgery. Fo...

/pdf/ranolazine-versus-amiodarone-for-prevention-of-postoperative-2teh8v8ikm.pdf

Charles Antzelevitch

Papers

Models of parasystole and reentry in isolated Purkinje fibers.

Brugada Syndrome: Overview

Genetics and Sinus Node Dysfunction.

Ranolazine versus amiodarone for prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation

Lidocaine-induced Brugada syndrome phenotype linked to a novel double mutation in the cardiac sodium channel