C
Chern-En Chiang
Researcher at Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Publications - 109
Citations - 7956
Chern-En Chiang is an academic researcher from Taipei Veterans General Hospital. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Internal medicine. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 76 publications receiving 4788 citations. Previous affiliations of Chern-En Chiang include Mackay Memorial Hospital & National Yang-Ming University.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
John J.V. McMurray,Scott D. Solomon,Silvio E. Inzucchi,Lars Køber,Mikhail Kosiborod,Felipe Martinez,Piotr Ponikowski,Marc S. Sabatine,Marc S. Sabatine,Inder S. Anand,Jan Bělohlávek,Michael Böhm,Chern-En Chiang,Chern-En Chiang,Vijay K. Chopra,Rudolf A. de Boer,Akshay S. Desai,Mirta Diez,Jarosław Drożdż,Andrej Dukát,Junbo Ge,Jonathan G. Howlett,Jonathan G. Howlett,Tzvetana Katova,Masafumi Kitakaze,Charlotta Ljungman,Béla Merkely,Jose C. Nicolau,Eileen O'Meara,Mark C. Petrie,Pham Nguyen Vinh,Morten Schou,Tereshchenko Sn,Subodh Verma,Claes Held,David L. DeMets,Kieran F. Docherty,Pardeep S. Jhund,Olof Bengtsson,Mikaela Sjöstrand,AM Langkilde +40 more
TL;DR: Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, the risk of worsening heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes was lower among those who received dapagliflozin than amongThose who received placebo, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial
Adrian F. Hernandez,Jennifer B. Green,Salim Janmohamed,Ralph B. D'Agostino,Christopher B. Granger,Nigel P. Jones,Lawrence A. Leiter,Anne E Rosenberg,Kristina N Sigmon,Matthew C Somerville,Karl M. Thorpe,John J.V. McMurray,Stefano Del Prato,Robert M. Califf,Rury R. Holman,David L. DeMets,Matthew C. Riddle,Shaun G. Goodman,Darren K. McGuire,Karen P. Alexander,Adam D. DeVore,Chiara Melloni,Chetan B. Patel,David F. Kong,Gerald S. Bloomfield,Matthew T. Roe,Pierluigi Tricoci,Robert W. Harrison,Renato D. Lopes,Robin Mathews,Rajendra H. Mehta,William S Jones,Sreekanth Vemulapalli,Thomas J. Povsic,Zubin J. Eapen,Keith Dombrowski,Brad J. Kolls,Dedrick Jordan,Andrew P. Ambrosy,Stephen J. Greene,Aditya Mandawat,Jay Shavadia,Lauren B. Cooper,Abhinav Sharma,Patrícia O. Guimarães,Daniel Friedman,Matthew Wilson,Patricia Endsley,Tracy Gentry,Jeannie Collier,Kathleen Perez,Kourtnei James,Jennifer Roush,Connie Pope,Christina Howell,Megan Johnson,Matt Bailey,Joanna Cole,Teresa Akers,Beth Vandyne,Betsy Thomas,Jenny Rich,Susan Bartone,Gail Beaulieu,Kim Brown,Tuan Chau,Tamra Christian,Rebecca Coker,Deb Greene,Trevorlyn Haddock,Wendy Jenkins,Ghazala Haque,Marsha L. Marquess,Jean Pesarchick,Renee Rethaford,Allegra E. Stone,Firas Al Kawas,Michelle Anderson,Robert Enns,Isaac Sinay,Chantal Mathieu,Victor Yordanov,Irene Hramiak,Martin Haluzik,Søren Galatius,Bruno Guerci,Michael A. Nauck,Ilias Migdalis,Choon Beng Kathryn Tan,Gyozo Kocsis,Andrea Giaccari,Moon Kyu Lee,Ernesto German Cardona Muñoz,Jan H. Cornel,Kåre I. Birkeland,Miguel De Tezanos Pinto,Louie Tirador,Martyna Olesinska-Mader,Marina Shestakova,Larry A. Distiller,Jose Lopez-Sendon,Björn Eliasson,Chern-En Chiang,Suphot Srimahachota,Boris Mankovsky,M. Angelyn Bethel,Kathleen Dungan,Mikhail Kosiborod,Andres F Alvarisqueta,Jorge Baldovino,Diego Besada,Pedro R F Calella,Maria Cecilia Cantero,Patricia Castaño,Alejandro Chertkoff,Jesus Cuadrado,Luis De Loredo,Andrea Dominguez,Maria Vanesa Español,Hernan Finkelstein,Gustavo Frechtel,José O Fretes,Natalia Garrido Santos,Joaquin Gonzalez,Marcos Litvak,Juan Loureyro,Laura Maffei,Natacha Maldonado,Diego Mohr Gasparini,Silvia I Orio,Federico C Perez Manghi,Nelson Rodriguez Papini,Jorgelina Sala,Pablo Schygiel,Georgina Sposetti,Maria Rosa Ulla,Fernando Verra,Silvina Zabalua,Cesar J Zaidman,Laurent Crenier,Corinne Debroye,Francis Duyck,André Scheen,Luc Van Gaal,Chris Vercammen,Velichka Damyanova,Stefan Dimitrov,Snezhina Kovacheva,Lachezar Lozanov,Viktor Margaritov,Rositsa Mihaylova-Shumkova,Antoaneta Nikolaeva,Zhasmina Stoyanova,Ronald Akhras,Yves Beaudry,Jacques Bedard,Joseph Berlingieri,Raja Chehayeb,Stephen Cheung,James Conway,Jean Cusson,Anthony Della Siega,Richard Dumas,Peter Dzongowski,Murdo Ferguson,Daniel Gaudet,F.R. Grondin,Anil Gupta,Milan Gupta,Frank Halperin,Pierre-Alain Houle,Michael P. Jones,Simon Kouz,Christopher Kovacs,Daniel Landry,Eva Lonn,William O'Mahony,Sean Peterson,Dennis Reich,Alan Rosenbloom,Francois St-Maurice,Barna Tugwell,Saul Vizel,Vincent Woo,Tomas Brychta,Vladimir Cech,Eva Dvorakova,Tomas Edelsberger,Katarina Halciakova,Jarmila Krizova,Jiri Lastuvka,Martin Piperek,Vera Prymkova,Lea Raclavska,Elena Silhova,Robin Urbanek,Jan Vrkoc,Ulla Andersen,Jens Brønnum-Schou,Jens D. Hove,Jan Skov Jensen,Lars Køber,Ole Peter Kristiansen,Per Lund,Thomas Melchior,Ole Nyvad,Morten Schou,Alain Boye,Didier Cadinot,Didier Gouet,Patrick Henry,Laurence Kessler,Jean-Daniel Lalau,Catherine Petit,Jean-Francois Thuan,Christel Voinot,Julien Vouillarmet,Christoph Axthelm,Dirk Berger,Tasso Bieler,Andreas L. Birkenfeld,Jochen Bott,Klaus Busch,Karel Caca,Julia Chevts,Torsten Donaubauer,Rudolf Erlinger,Klaus Funke,Josef Grosskopf,Andreas Hagenow,Monika Hamann,Manfred Hartard,Peter Heymer,Wolfgang Huppertz,Gabriele Illies,Stephan Jacob,Thomas Jung,Gerd Kahrmann,Petra Kast,Monika Kellerer,Hans-Peter Kempe,Andrei Khariouzov,Gerhard Klausmann,Christiane Klein,Uwe Kleinecke-Pohl,Klaus Kleinertz,Thorsten Koch,Christine Kosch,Babette Lorra,Joerg Luedemann,Matthias Luttermann,Stephan Maxeiner,Karsten Milek,Andrea Moelle,Gerhard Neumann,Ruth Nischik,Edith Oehrig-Pohl,Georg Plassmann,Lars Pohlmeier,Felix Proepper,Stefan Regner,Werner Rieker,Ludger Rose,Holger Samer,Joachim Sauter,Frank Schaper,Clemens Schiffer,Juergen Schmidt,Bernd-M. Scholz,Joerg Schulze,Alexander Segner,Jochen Seufert,Helena Sigal,Joerg Steindorf,Juergen Stockhausen,Petra Stuebler,Heidrun Taeschner,Dietrich Tews,Diethelm Tschoepe,Karl Wilhelm,Helga Zeller-Stefan,Iakovos Avramidis,Stavros Bousboulas,Magdalini Bristianou,Georgios Dimitriadis,Moses Elisaf,Kalliopi Kotsa,Andreas Melidonis,Asimina Mitrakou,Emmanouil Pagkalos,Nikolaos Papanas,A. Pappas,Christos Sampanis,Nikolaos Tentolouris,Apostolos Tsapas,Glykeria Tzatzagou,Risa Ozaki,Csaba Hajdú,Eleonóra Harcsa,Laszlo Konyves,János Mucsi,Zsolt Pauker,Gizella Petró,Zsolt Plés,Katalin Revesz,Vangel Sándor,Viktor Vass,Angelo Avogaro,Massimo Boemi,Riccardo C. Bonadonna,Agostino Consoli,Salvatore De Cosmo,Paolo Di Bartolo,Francesco Dotta,Simona Frontoni,Marianna Galetta,Alessandra Gambineri,Carmine Gazzaruso,Francesco Giorgino,Davide Lauro,Emanuela Orsi,Giuseppe Paolisso,Gabriele Perriello,PierMarco Piatti,Antonio E. Pontiroli,Paola Ponzani,Angela A. Rivellese,Giorgio Sesti,Giancarlo Tonolo,Roberto Trevisan,Chul Woo Ahn,Sei Hyun Baik,Bong Soo Cha,Choon Hee Chung,Hak Chul Jang,Chong-Jin Kim,Hye Soon Kim,In Joo Kim,Eun Young Lee,Hyoung Woo Lee,Kwan Woo Lee,Keon-Woong Moon,June Namgung,Kyong Soo Park,Soon Jib Yoo,Jaemyung Yu,Edmundo-Alfredo Bayram Llamas,Jose-Luis Cervantes-Escárcega,Luis Fernando Flota-Cervera,José Gerardo González-González,Sara Pascoe-Gonzalez,Emilia Susana Pelayo-Orozco,Santiago-Paulino Ramirez-Diaz,Arturo Saldana-Mendoza,Carlos Sánchez Jerjes-Díaz,Jose Juan Torres-Colores,Maricela Vidrio-Velázquez,Juan Villagordoa-Mesa,Hugo Peter Beijerbacht,Reginald G.E.J. Groutars,Boudewijn A Hoek,Pieter A.M. Hoogslag,Adriaan Kooy,Johannes A. Kragten,Aloysius G. Lieverse,Hendrik P. Swart,Eric P. Viergever,Jørn Ahlqvist,John G. Cooper,Hanne L. Gulseth,Gaute Guttormsen,Cecilie Wium,Hugo Arbañil,Jorge Calderon,L.M. Camacho,Augusto Dextre Espinoza,Elizabeth Garrido,Alejandro Luna,Helard Manrique,Frederick Massucco Revoredo,Rolando J Vargas Gonzales,Luis Zapata Rincon,Carlos Zubiate,Geraldine Ebo,Ellen Morales-Palomares,Malgorzata Arciszewska,Marek Banach,Renata Bijata-Bronisz,Tadeusz Derezinski,Waldemar Gadzinski,Jacek Gajek,Katarzyna Klodawska,Ewa Krzyzagorska,Andrzej Madej,Pawel Miekus,Jaroslaw Opiela,Piotr Romanczuk,Anna Siegel,Ewa Skokowska,Andrzej W Stankiewicz,Teresa Stasinska,Iwona Trznadel-Morawska,Robert Witek,Sergey Aksentyev,Irina A. Bondar,Irina Demidova,Alexander Dreval,Olga Ershova,Gagik R Galstyan,A. A. Garganeeva,Nadezhda Izmozherova,Victoria Karetnikova,Marina Kharakhulakh,Aleksandr Khokhlov,Zhanna Kobalava,Olga Koshelskaya,E. D. Kosmacheva,Vladimir Kostin,Natalia Koziolova,Anatoly Kuzin,Victor Lesnov,Tatyana Lysenko,Valentin Markov,Alexander Mayorov,Sergey Moiseev,Svetlana Myasoedova,Nina Petunina,A P Rebrov,Ludmila Aleksandrovna Ruyatkina,Julia Samoylova,Olga V. Sazonova,Natalia Shilkina,Nadezhda Sokolova,Olga Vasilevskaya,Nelli Verbovaya,Elena Vishneva,Sergey Vorobyev,Natalya Vorokhobina,Olga Zanozina,Elena Zhdanova,Tatyana Zykova,Lesley J. Burgess,Kathleen Coetzee,Saleem Dawood,Landman Lombard,Ellen Makoali Makotoko,Rajendran Moodley,Wessels Oosthuysen,Mohamed Sarvan,Carlos Calvo Gómez,Isidoro Cano Rodríguez,Almudena Castro Conde,Angel R Cequier Fillat,Guillem Cuatrecasas Cambra,Fernando de Álvaro Moreno,Luis De Teresa Parreno,Javier Delgado Lista,José Ramón Domínguez Escribano,Santiago Durán García,Javier Elvira González,José María Fernández Rodríguez,Alberto Goday Arno,Ricardo Gomez Huelgas,José Ramón González Juanatey,Antonio Hernandez Mijares,Víctor Alfonso Jiménez Díaz,Esteban Jodar Gimeno,Tomás Lucas Morante,Mónica Marazuela,Nieves Martell Claros,Didac Mauricio Puente,Elena Mena Ribas,Juan Francisco Merino Torres,Pedro Mezquita Raya,Andreu Nubiola Calonge,Xavier Ordoñez Sánchez,Jose Maria Pascual Izuel,Verónica Perea Castilla,Antonio Pérez Pérez,Isabel Perez Soto,Miguel Quesada Charneco,Angustias Quesada Simón,Josep Redón Mas,Antonia Rego Iraeta,Maria Rodriguez Alvarez,Irene Rodríguez Rodríguez,José Sabán Ruiz,Alfonso Soto Gonzalez,Francisco J Tinahones Madueno,Carlos Trescoli Serrano,Angels Ulied Armiñana,Erasmus Bachus,Katarina Berndtsson Blom,Ken Eliasson,Pekka Koskinen,Hans Larnefeldt,Cornelia Lif-Tiberg,Carina Linderfalk,Gustav Lund,Pia Lundman,Linda Moris,Åke Olsson,Staffan Salmonsson,Johan Sanmartin Berglund,Folke Sjöberg,Stefan Söderberg,Ingemar Torstensson,Jung-Fu Chen,Kai Jen Tien,Shih-Ting Tseng,Shih-Te Tu,Chih-Yuan Wang,Ji-Hung Wang,Arintaya Phrommintikul,Sukit Yamwong,Woravut Jintapakorn,Pisit Hutayanon,Nakarin Sansanayudh,Larysa Bazhan,Ivan Fushtey,Mariya Grachova,Vitaliy Katerenchuk,Vadym Korpachev,Nonna Kravchun,Oleksandr Larin,Galyna Mykhalchyshyn,Halyna Myshanych,Olga Oleksyk,Valeriia Orlenko,Nataliia Pashkovska,Nataliia Pertseva,Olena Petrosyan,Ivan Smirnov,Maryna Vlasenko,Tetiana Zlova,Myint Aye,Arun Baksi,Mathangi Balasubramani,Ronnie Beboso,Mark Blagden,Charles Bundy,Tobias Cookson,Allan Copland,Alistair Emslie-Smith,Fiona Green,Anthony Gunstone,Basil Issa,Ewart Jackson-Voyzey,Andrew C. Johnson,Malcolm Maclean,John McKnight,Solomon Muzulu,Ian O'Connell,Babatunde Oyesile,Catherine Patterson,Ewan R. Pearson,Sam Philip,Paul Smith,Usha Sukumaran,Jalal Abbas,Gaurav Aggarwala,Faiq Akhter,James L. Andersen,Moise Anglade,Georges Argoud,Mehrdad Ariani,Reswan Ashdji,Ladan Bakhtari,Subhash Banerjee,Andrew Bartlett,Howard Baum,Harold Bays,Richard Beasley,Renata Belfort de Aguiar,Sabrina Benjamin,Ravi Bhagwat,Anuj Bhargava,Bruce W. Bode,Christina Bratcher,Toby Briskin,Andrew Peter Brockmyre,Raymond Broughton,Judith Brown,Madhusudan Budhraja,Kevin Cannon,Jewell Carr,Harold Cathcart,Arvind Cavale,Louis B Chaykin,Deanna Cheung,Richard Childress,Allan Cohen,Jonathan Condit,Erin Cooksey,George Mitchell Cornett,Ira Dauber,William Davila,Luis De Armas,Julius Dean,Robert Detweiler,Ernesto Diaz,Michael Di Giovanna,Isaac Dor,Waymon Drummond,Donald Eagerton,John Earl,Charles B. Eaton,Howard Ellison,Neil Farris,Thomas Fiel,Anthony Firek,Brian First,Les Forgosh,William J. French,Winston Gandy,Ronald Garcia,Santosh Gill,Murray Gordon,Michael Guice,Siva Gummadi,Jonathan Hackenyos,Kristen Hairston,Lenita Hanson,Lindsay Harrison,Israel Hartman,John F. Heitner,Srini Hejeebu,Paul Hermany,Carlos Hernandez-Cassis,Horacio Hidalgo,Alexander Higgins,Hassan Ibrahim,Shahram Jacobs,David W. Johnson,Parag H. Joshi,Steven Richard Kaster,Daniel Kellum,Christopher Kim,Ellen Kim,William Kirby,Albert B Knouse,Steven Kulback,Mariananda Kumar,Tulsidas Kuruvanka,A. Labroo,William Lasswell,John Lentz,Thomas Lenzmeier,David Lewis,Zhaoping Li,Michael Lillestol,Raymond Little,Richard Lorraine,Cecilia McKeown-Biagas,Robert McNeill,Anand Mehta,Alan B. Miller,Joseph Moran,Emily Morawski,Venkatesh Nadar,Thomas G. O'Connor,Alberto Odio,Reginald Parker,Rajesh Patel,Lawrence S. Phillips,George Raad,Aref Rahman,Marina Raikhel,Ajit Raisinghani,Raj Rajan,Neda Rasouli,Frank Rauzi,Kathryn Rohr,Hal Roseman,Sergio Rovner,Fadi Saba,Richard Sachson,Alex Schabauer,Ricky Schneider,Timothy Schuchard,John Sensenbrenner,Yshay Shlesinger,Narendra Singh,Kanagaratnam Sivalingam,Larry D Stonesifer,Daniel Storey,David Suh,Mohammed Tahir,Anjanette Tan,Marilyn Tan,Alain Taylon,Maitreya Thakkar,Devjit Tripathy,Gabriel I. Uwaifo,Amarnath Vedere,Chandra Venugopal,Anthony Vo,Michelle Welch,James Welker,Alexander White,John Willis,Alan G Wynne,Shahram Yazdani,Anne Rosenberg,Lauren Price,Kristina N. Sigmon,Yuliya Lokhngina,Weibing Xing,Robert Overton,M.W. Stewart,Janet Stead,Alistair C. Lindsay,Vickas Patel,Jorge Ross,Joseph Soffer,Shruti Daga,Margaret Sowell,Prashant Patel,Louisa Garvey,Jessica Ackert,Sybil Abraham,Mary Beth Sabol,Desma Altobelli,JuYoung Ha,Mangesh Kulkarni,Matthew Somerville,Drusilla Noronha,Ed Casson,Eddie Zang,Chamandeep Sandhu,Rakesh Kumar,David Chen,Lin Taft,Rajivkumar Patel,June Ye,Jennifer Shannon,Tim Wilson,Charleen Babi,Diane Miller,Karl Thorpe,Rachael Russell,Georgina Bull,Belinda Hereghty,Eva Fernandez-Salazar,Troy Longley,Jill Donaldson,Marie Jarosz,Karen Murphy,Patricia A. Adams,Peter K. Smith,Rachel James,Jackie Richards,Sangeeta Sedani,Denise Althouse,David I. Watson,Jamie Lorimer,Steven Lauder,Ron Schultheis,Terese Womer,Ella Wraight,Wenyan Li,Emma Price-Olsen,Anthony W. Watson,Aoife Kelly,Patricia McLaughlin,John Fleming,Jessica Schubert,Debra Schleiden,Tara Harris,Rahul Prakash,Jody Breneman,Sameer Deshpande,Aarti Saswadkar,Aditi Kumari,Aditi Shitut,Amruta Raorane,Anisha Karmalkar,Ankita Mhambrey,Archana Bhosale,Ashok Vaphare,Ashwini P Patil,Chaitali Khandelwal,Fayaz Shaik,Madhumitha Nadar,Mounika Karka,Neha Kadgaonkar,Nikita Gupta,Nutan Aher,Omkar Potnis,Pallavi Naicker,Rakesh Shinde,Richa Sharma,Rupali Godse,Sheetal Solanki,Shruti Sahu,Snehal Dumbre,Somesh Kumar,Suradnya Patil,Trisha Mandal +798 more
TL;DR: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events, and evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
Journal ArticleDOI
The long QT syndromes: genetic basis and clinical implications
Chern-En Chiang,Dan M. Roden +1 more
TL;DR: It is becoming clear that mutations in the KVLQT1, human "ether-a-go-go" related gene, cardiac voltage-dependent sodium channel gene, minK and MiRP1 genes, respectively, are responsible for the LQ tachycardia variants of the Romano-Ward syndrome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction.
Scott D. Solomon,John J.V. McMurray,Brian Claggett,W. De Boer,David L. DeMets,Adrian F. Hernandez,Silvio E. Inzucchi,Mikhail Kosiborod,Carolyn S.P. Lam,Felipe Martinez,Akshay S. Desai,Pardeep S. Jhund,Jan Bělohlávek,Chern-En Chiang,C. Jan Willem Borleffs,Josep Comín-Colet,Dan Dobreanu,Jarosław Drożdż,James C. Fang,Marco Antonio Alcocer-Gamba,Waleed Al Habeeb,Yaling Han,Jose Walter Cabrera Honorio,Stefan Janssens,Tzvetana Katova,Masafumi Kitakaze,Béla Merkely,Eileen O'Meara,José Francisco Kerr Saraiva,S. N. Tereshchenko,Jorge Thierer,Muthiah Vaduganathan,Orly Vardeny,Subodh Verma,Vinh N. Pham,Ulrica Wilderäng,Natalia Zaozerska,Erasmus Bachus,Dan Lindholm,Magnus Petersson,Anna Maria Langkilde +40 more
TL;DR: Dapagliflozin reduced the combined risk of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death among patients with heart failure and a mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction and results were similar in prespecified subgroups, including patients with or without diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of dapagliflozin on worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure with and without diabetes
Mark C. Petrie,Subodh Verma,Kieran F. Docherty,Silvio E. Inzucchi,Inder S. Anand,Jan Belohlavek,Michael Böhm,Chern-En Chiang,Chern-En Chiang,Vijay K. Chopra,Rudolf A. de Boer,Akshay S. Desai,Mirta Diez,Jarosław Drożdż,Andre Dukát,Junbo Ge,Jonathan G. Howlett,Tzvetana Katova,Masafumi Kitakaze,Charlotta Ljungman,Béla Merkely,Jose C. Nicolau,Eileen O'Meara,Pham Nguyen Vinh,Morten Schou,Tereshchenko Sn,Lars Køber,Mikhail Kosiborod,Anna Maria Langkilde,Felipe Martinez,Piotr Ponikowski,Marc S. Sabatine,Mikaela Sjöstrand,Scott D. Solomon,Per Johanson,Peter J. Greasley,David W. Boulton,Olof Bengtsson,Pardeep S. Jhund,John J.V. McMurray +39 more
TL;DR: In this exploratory analysis of a randomized trial of patients with HFrEF, dapagliflozin compared with placebo, when added to recommended therapy, significantly reduced the risk of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death independently of diabetes status.