There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

From the Publisher:
A valuable reference for the novice as well as for the expert who needs a wider scope of coverage within the area of cryptography, this book provides easy and rapid access of information and includes more than 200 algorithms and protocols; more than 200 tables and figures; more than 1,000 numbered definitions, facts, examples, notes, and remarks; and over 1,250 significant references, including brief comments on each paper.

Handbook of Applied Cryptography

Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.

Tissue-based map of the human proteome

Cryptosystem designers frequently assume that secrets will be manipulated in closed, reliable computing environments. Unfortunately, actual computers and microchips leak information about the operations they process. This paper examines specific methods for analyzing power consumption measurements to find secret keys from tamper resistant devices. We also discuss approaches for building cryptosystems that can operate securely in existing hardware that leaks information.

/pdf/differential-power-analysis-4t7fjmuc7b.pdf

Differential Power Analysis

The 1988 version of the message encryption and authentication procedures for Internet electronic mail makes use of bidirectional MAC (BMAC). When used for multicast electronic mail it is important that this BMAC act as a one-way function. It is shown that it is not a one-way function, which means that the BMAC technique should not be used for authenticating multicast messages. >

Authenticating multicast Internet electronic mail messages using a bidirectional MAC is insecure

Privacy in Identity and Access Management Systems

Conventionally, mutual entity authentication is seen as the necessary precursor to the establishment of a secure connection. However, there exist examples of cases where authentication is not needed. The purpose of this paper is to consider this proposition, illustrated by case studies, and to use the findings of this investigation as input for the design of authentication protocols suitable for use in future Internet access environments supporting ubiquitous mobility.

Is Entity Authentication Necessary

A new class of attacks against authentication and authenticated key establishment protocols is described, which we call parsing ambiguity attacks. If appropriate precautions are not deployed, these attacks apply to a very wide range of such protocols, including those specifled in a number of international standards. Three example attacks are described in detail, and possible generalisations are also outlined. Finally, possible countermeasures are given, as are recommendations for modiflcations to the relevant standards.

/pdf/parsing-ambiguities-in-authentication-and-key-establishment-4zasnjrdpf.pdf

Parsing ambiguities in authentication and key establishment protocols.

In this paper we propose two compilers which are designed to transform a group key exchange protocol secure against any passive adversary into an authenticated group key exchange protocol with key confirmation which is secure against any passive adversary, active adversary, or malicious insider. We show that the first proposed compiler gives protocols that are more efficient than those produced by the compiler of Katz and Yung.

/pdf/efficient-compilers-for-authenticated-group-key-exchange-bfjmm1dg24.pdf

Chris J. Mitchell

Papers

Authenticating multicast Internet electronic mail messages using a bidirectional MAC is insecure

Privacy in Identity and Access Management Systems

Is Entity Authentication Necessary

Parsing ambiguities in authentication and key establishment protocols.

Efficient compilers for authenticated group key exchange