Series Editor's Preface. Introduction by John Breuilly. Acknowledgements. 1. Definitions. State and nation. The nation. 2. Culture in Agrarian Society. Power and culture in the agro-literature society. The varieties of agrarian rulers. 3. Industrial Society. The society of perpetual growth. Social genetics. The age of universal high culture. 4. The Transition to an Age of Nationalism. A note on the weakness of nationalism. Wild and garden culture. 5. What is a Nation. The course of true nationalism never did run smooth. 6. Social Entropy and Equality in Industrial Society. Obstacles to entropy. Fissures and barriers. A diversity of focus. 7. A Typology of Nationalisms. The varieties of nationalist experience. Diaspora nationalism. 8. The Future of Nationalism. Industrial culture - one or many?. 9. Nationalism and Ideology. Who is for Nuremberg?. One nation, one state. 10. Conclusion. What is not being said. Summary. Select bibliography. Bilbliography of Ernest Gellner's writing: Ian Jarvie. Index

Nations and Nationalism

Introduction - after the science question in feminism. Part 1 Science: feminism confronts the sciences how the women's movement benefits science - two views why \"physics\" is a bad model for physics. Part 2 Epistemology: what is feminist epistemology \"strong objectivity\" and socially situated knowledge feminist epistemology in and after the enlightenment. Part 3 \"Others\": \"...and race?\" - the science question in global feminism common histories, common destinies - science in the first and third worlds \"real science\" thinking from the perspective of lesbian lives reinventing ourselves as other Conclusion - what is a feminist science.

Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives

Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/n20/n20a15.pdf

The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

of distinguished and rather senior economists – makes at the end of the book. Their priorities tend to be quick-fixes of problems that might, at least partly, be caused by some other challenge. More importantly, the panellists tend to disregard some of the evidence assembled by the authors. The reactions to the excellent chapter on armed conflict by Collier & Hoeffler illustrate that Nobel awards are no protection against bias. One member of the panel dismisses the economic sources of war that the Oxford economists analyse and points out that free trade is the main pacifying force, while another famous panellist mentions ethnic or religious hatred as a source of conflict. Gerald Schneider

At War’s End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict:

It’s been a long time since academic discussions about research and teaching were part of the board meetings of the department of Anthropology and Sociology of the University of Amsterdam. Most of our meetings today deal with administrative problems [...]

Seeing like a State.

The question of when and how international orders change remains a pertinent issue of International Relations theory. This article develops the model of pragmatic ordering to conceptualise change. The model of pragmatic ordering synthesises recent theoretical arguments for a focus on ordering advanced in-practice theory, pragmatist philosophy, and related approaches. It also integrates evidence from recent global governance research. We propose a five-stage model. According to the model, once a new problem emerges (problematisation), informality allows for experimenting with new practices and developing new knowledge (informalisation and experimentation). Once these experimental practices become codified, and survive contestation, they increasingly settle (codification) and are spread through learning and translation processes (consolidation). We draw on the rise of the maritime security agenda as a paradigmatic case and examine developments in the Western Indian Ocean region to illustrate each of these stages. The article draws attention to the substantial reorganisation of maritime space occurring over the past decade and offers an innovative approach for the study of orders and change.

/pdf/pragmatic-ordering-informality-experimentation-and-the-3ibxeyxt3q.pdf

Pragmatic ordering: Informality, experimentation, and the maritime security agenda

Antje Wiener’s A Theory of Contestation offers a complex and innovative attempt at a new generalized account of the role of norms in global politics. In this comment I reflect on the relation between Wiener’s proposal and recent discussions on international practice theory. The practice turn in international relations and Wiener’s theory of contestation share the intention of revisiting and renewing constructivist approaches by integrating insights from contemporary social theory. As I shall discuss, practice theories, however, take a different route. Practice theoretical accounts agree with Wiener that norms are important, but argue that they should not become isolated objects of research, but should be understood as part of a larger practical repertoire of knowledge. Nonetheless, Wiener offers an account that can further the discussion between norm-oriented constructivism and practice theoretical accounts in significant ways. To perform this function, we need to give Wiener’s theory a methodological twist. A Theory of Contestation starts with the concept of norms. Research on norms and their diffusion has made up the bulk of constructivist scholarship. Yet the prioritization of norms as a unit of analysis should not be taken for granted. Why should we be interested in norms in particular? Raising this question may appear odd, given the substantial number of people who claim to work on norms. The majority of these researchers would argue that we should study norms because they are the devices by which humans (as well as states) coordinate their actions. Actors manage their mutual expectations through norms. Once a norm has been developed, it is diffused and institutionalized, and then it conditions action. I think there is something wrong with this story, and Wiener largely agrees with me. There are

Practices, norms, and the theory of contestation

Although capacity building is a growing field of international activity in maritime security as elsewhere, it remains under theorized. The chapter presents a primer for such an effort in firstly discussing how capacity building has been understood to date, then offering an outline of the breadth of capacity building. It then investigates which theory-oriented research might assist in understanding capacity building as a practice. The chapter highlights the need to think of capacity building as a practice of improvisation and experimentation; processes that are poorly understood in current technical guides and manuals.

Theorizing Capacity Building

Accurate knowledge of maritime activities is vital for maritime security and the development of the blue economy. Although international donors have provided significant assistance, there are still no reliable regional maritime domain awareness structures in the Western Indian Ocean. This policy brief reviews current activities to identify opportunities through low-tech solutions, human resources and collaboration for improvement of maritime domain awareness in the region. Effective maritime domain awareness in the Western Indian Ocean

Effective maritime domain awareness in the Western Indian Ocean

In this chapter, we discuss the methodology and methods of IPT. We outline methodological guidelines that spring from practice theory, and the fact that social science is also a practice. We introduce the notion of praxiography to speak about the methodology and methods of practice-theory-driven research, and discuss the status of ‘theory’ and its relation to empirics. Praxiography can be anchored in different starting points, and the seven core approaches imply distinct strategies as to where to begin inquiry. Turning to methods, our argument is that praxiography implies carefully considering how practice can be observed directly. We show how different forms of field work, including participant observation, event observation and shadowing can be used to study practice Some situations require alternative techniques, and we point to interviews and different forms of text analysis as options. Finally, we address the drafting of a praxiography. Writing about practice implies controlling for the unruliness of practices, and ordering them into a more-or-less coherent narrative. How can a narrative about practice be written in a way that makes sense to a distinct audience? We argue that praxiography requires experimentation and creativity, and introduce ideas from ethnography and filmmaking as inspirations.

Christian Bueger

Papers

Pragmatic ordering: Informality, experimentation, and the maritime security agenda

Practices, norms, and the theory of contestation

Theorizing Capacity Building

Effective maritime domain awareness in the Western Indian Ocean

Doing Praxiography: Research Strategies, Methods and Techniques