Showing papers by "Clive N. Svendsen published in 1999"
TL;DR: These findings show that genetic targeting can be used to ablate scar-forming astrocytes and demonstrate roles for astroCytes in regulating leukocyte trafficking, repairing the BBB, protecting neurons, and restricting nerve fiber growth after injury in the adult central nervous system.
1,051 citations
TL;DR: The biology of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from the mouse can be propagated in culture and differentiated into a range of tissues, including neuronal and glial cells, and some have been shown to integrate into the developing or damaged adult brain.
241 citations
TL;DR: This review summarises this fascinating and growing field of neurobiology, with a particular focus on human tissues, and discusses the possibility of cell replacement therapy for a wide range of neurological disorders.
Abstract: Neural stem cells, with the capacity to self renew and produce the major cell types of the brain, exist in the developing and adult rodent central nervous system (CNS). Their exact function and distribution is currently being assessed, but they represent an interesting cell population, which may be used to study factors important for the differentiation of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Recent evidence suggests that neural stem cells may also exist in both the developing and adult human CNS. These cells can be grown in vitro for long periods of time while retaining the potential to differentiate into nervous tissue. Significantly, many neurons can be produced from a limited number of starting cells, raising the possibility of cell replacement therapy for a wide range of neurological disorders. This review summarises this fascinating and growing field of neurobiology, with a particular focus on human tissues.
209 citations
TL;DR: This antibody provides a new immunological tool with the potential to evaluate the distribution of human metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 protein in other brain regions and in human central nervous system diseases.
46 citations
TL;DR: Two studies indicate that neural stem cells are not only much more widespread in the central nervous system than previously thought, but that they can somehow cross from the brain and develop into blood cells.
Abstract: Stem cells have the remarkable ability to become one of any number of different cell types. Take neural stem cells, for example, which can develop into neurons or different types of glial cell. Two studies indicate that these cells are not only much more widespread in the central nervous system than previously thought, but that they can somehow cross from the brain and develop into blood cells.
31 citations
TL;DR: The present data show that, although primary rat E14 mesencephalic cells are incapable of inducing the development of DA neurons from EGF-responsive mouse neural precursor cells, such precursors will differentiate into cells capable of enhancing the survival and overall functional efficacy of primary embryonic dopamine neurons.
Abstract: WE have grown expanded populations of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-responsive mouse striatal precursor cells and subsequently co-cultured these with primary E14 rat ventral mesencephalon. The aim of these experiments was to induce dopaminergic (DA) neuronal phenotypes from the murine precursors. While no precursor cell-derived neurons were induced to express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), there was a dramatic 30-fold increase in the survival of rat-derived TH-positive neurons in the co-cultures. The effect was not explicable solely in terms of total plating density, and was accompanied by a significantly enhanced capacity for [ 3 H]dopamine uptake in the co-cultures compared to rat alone cultures. The present data show that, although primary rat E14 mesencephalic cells are incapable of inducing the development of DA neurons from EGF-responsive mouse neural precursor cells, such precursors will differentiate into cells capable of enhancing the survival and overall functional efficacy of primary embryonic dopamine neurons.
24 citations
TL;DR: Different adult environments support both the development and maintenance of α6 gene expression from cerebellar granule cell precursors, suggesting that α6 expression can be timed and maintained autonomously.
Abstract: The patterns of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor subunit gene expression in the brain are complex. For example, mouse hippocampal dentate granule cells express many subunit genes, whereas adult cerebellar granule cells, which may share differentiation mechanisms, have a smaller compliment and uniquely express the alpha6 subunit gene. To see how the alpha6 expression component arises, i.e. if intrinsically or environmentally specified, we used a mouse line (Deltaalpha6lacZ) with a beta-galactosidase reporter inserted into the alpha6 gene. Precursor cells from postnatal day 1 Deltaalpha6lacZ cerebellum were transplanted to the adult hippocampus and cerebellum of wild-type mice; 4 weeks after transplantation, Deltaalpha6lacZ cells expressed alpha6-lacZ in the hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum. Thus, different adult environments support both the development and maintenance of alpha6 gene expression from cerebellar granule cell precursors. Establishing alpha6 gene expression is not likely to require specific patterns of neurotransmitter innervation or other factors present only in the developing brain; instead, alpha6 expression can be timed and maintained autonomously.
12 citations