To investigate the universality of magnetic turbulence in space plasmas, we analyze seven time periods in the free solar wind under different plasma conditions. Three instruments on Cluster spacecraft operating in different frequency ranges give us the possibility to resolve spectra up to 300 Hz. We show that the spectra form a quasiuniversal spectrum following the Kolmogorov's law $\ensuremath{\sim}{k}^{\ensuremath{-}5/3}$ at MHD scales, a $\ensuremath{\sim}{k}^{\ensuremath{-}2.8}$ power law at ion scales, and an exponential $\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{exp}﻿[\ensuremath{-}\sqrt{k{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{e}}]$ at scales $k{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{e}\ensuremath{\sim}[0.1,1]$, where ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{e}$ is the electron gyroradius. This is the first observation of an exponential magnetic spectrum in space plasmas that may indicate the onset of dissipation. We distinguish for the first time between the role of different spatial kinetic plasma scales and show that the electron Larmor radius plays the role of a dissipation scale in space plasma turbulence.

Universality of Solar-Wind Turbulent Spectrum from MHD to Electron Scales

[1] In this paper we study a flow burst event which took place during enhanced geomagnetic activity on July 22, 2001, when Cluster was located in the postmidnight magnetotail. The flow burst was associated with a clear dipolarization ahead of the high-speed part of the predominantly Earthward directed flow. Based on the analysis of the four spacecraft data, we found that a ∼2000 km thick dipolarization front moves Earthward and dawnward with a speed of ∼77 km/s. The plasma before this front is deflected, consistent with the plasma ahead of a localized plasma bubble centered at midnight side being pushed aside by the moving obstacle. The main body of the high-speed flow is directed mainly parallel to the dipolarization front. These observations indicate that the evolution of the dipolarization front across the tail is directly coupled with the fast flow.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2002GL015763

Motion of the dipolarization front during a flow burst event observed by Cluster

[1] Spatial gradients of high-speed flows in the midtail plasma sheet are determined using multipoint observations from the Cluster spacecraft along the “dawn-dusk” direction (perpendicular to the main flow and in the plane of the tail current sheet) and along the north-south direction. If we take the average or median of the spatial gradients and assume that the flow channel has a linear gradient, these values suggest that the full width of the flow channel is 2–3 RE in the “dawn-dusk” direction and 1.5–2 RE in the north-south direction. The velocity gradient at the duskward edge of a flow tends to be sharper than that at the dawnward edge, possibly reflecting an asymmetry in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling process associated with the flow.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2004GL019558

Spatial scale of high‐speed flows in the plasma sheet observed by Cluster

Magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind are distributed according to Kolmogorov’s power law f −5/3 below the ion cyclotron frequency fci. Above this frequency, the observed steeper power law is usually interpreted in two different ways: a dissipative range of the solar wind turbulence or another turbulent cascade, the nature of which is still an open question. Using the Cluster magnetic data we show that after the spectral break the intermittency increases toward higher frequencies, indicating the presence of non-linear interactions inherent to a new inertial range and not to the dissipative range. At the same time the level of compressible fluctuations raises. We show that the energy transfer rate and intermittency are sensitive to the level of compressibility of the magnetic fluctuations within the small scale inertial range. We conjecture that the time needed to establish this inertial range is shorter than the eddy-turnover time, and is related to dispersive effects. A simple phenomenological model, based on the compressible Hall MHD, predicts the magnetic spectrum ∼ k −7/3+2α , which

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/524056/pdf

Small-Scale Energy Cascade of the Solar Wind Turbulence

[1] During the interval 0947–0951 UT on 1 October 2001, when Cluster was located at XGSM = −16.4 RE near ZGSM = 0 in the pre-midnight magnetotail, the Cluster barycenter crosses the neutral sheet four times. High speed proton flow, with reversal from tailward to Earthward, was detected during the crossings. Using a linear gradient/curl estimator technique we estimate current density and magnetic field curvature within the crossings. These observations exhibit the tailward passage of an X-line over the Cluster tetrahedron. These current sheet has a bifurcated structure in the regions of tailward and earthward flows and a flat and/or slightly bifurcated thin current sheet in between. A distinct quadrupolar Hall magnetic field component was observed.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2002GL016730

Current sheet structure near magnetic X-line observed by Cluster

. On board the four Cluster spacecraft, the Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS) experiment measures the full, three-dimensional ion distribution of the major magnetospheric ions (H+, He+, He++, and O+) from the thermal energies to about 40 keV/e. The experiment consists of two different instruments: a COmposition and DIstribution Function analyser (CIS1/CODIF), giving the mass per charge composition with medium (22.5°) angular resolution, and a Hot Ion Analyser (CIS2/HIA), which does not offer mass resolution but has a better angular resolution (5.6°) that is adequate for ion beam and solar wind measurements. Each analyser has two different sensitivities in order to increase the dynamic range. First tests of the instruments (commissioning activities) were achieved from early September 2000 to mid January 2001, and the operation phase began on 1 February 2001. In this paper, first results of the CIS instruments are presented showing the high level performances and capabilities of the instruments. Good examples of data were obtained in the central plasma sheet, magnetopause crossings, magnetosheath, solar wind and cusp measurements. Observations in the auroral regions could also be obtained with the Cluster spacecraft at radial distances of 4–6 Earth radii. These results show the tremendous interest of multispacecraft measurements with identical instruments and open a new area in magnetospheric and solar wind-magnetosphere interaction physics. Key words. Magnetospheric physics (magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; magnetopheric configuration and dynamics; solar wind - magnetosphere interactions)

/pdf/first-multispacecraft-ion-measurements-in-and-near-the-earth-43herdo0se.pdf

E. Kuenneth

Papers

First multispacecraft ion measurements in and near the Earth's magnetosphere with the identical Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) experiment