Esther Nolte-‘t Hoen

TL;DR: The need for standardization of specimen handling, appropriate normative controls, and isolation and analysis techniques to facilitate comparison of results is emphasized, and it is recognized that continual development and evaluation of techniques will be necessary as new knowledge is amassed.

TL;DR: Deciphering the mechanisms of EV-cell interactions may facilitate the design of EVs that inhibit viral infection and can be used as vehicles for targeted drug delivery.

TL;DR: The role of EVs in infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths is summarized based on the talks and discussions carried out during the ISEV workshop held in São Paulo, Brazil, entitled Cross-organism Communication by Extracellular Vesicles: Hosts, Microbes and Parasites.

TL;DR: A retrospective summary of the broad spectrum of ISEV-2012 sessions is provided to emphasise novel findings, discussions and decisions met by the community during the meeting.

TL;DR: The reviews in this issue of Seminars in Immunopathology provide examples of how EV-related functions change in situations where the immune system is challenged, e.g., during pregnancy, organ transplantation, inflammation, cancer, and host-pathogen interactions.