Showing papers by "Farid Moore published in 2021"

Evaluation, source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and vegetable of Ahvaz metropolis

Abstract: Macronutrients, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in agricultural soils and vegetables of Ahvaz metropolis to assess the contamination, potential sources, ...

PET-microplastics as a vector for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a simulated plant rhizosphere zone

Abstract: The persistence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment is seen as a global hazard. Typically, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and MPs are classified into two separate pollutant groups and the relationships between the two stressors are poorly understood. Wheat is the most important grain in the human food chain. Thus, investigating adsorption and desorption capacity of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), when exposed to PAHs in irrigation water and wheat rhizosphere zone is very important. Adsorption experiments based on Langmuir or Freundlich models were performed to specify the adsorption capacity of PET particles for Naphthalene and Phenanthrene. Besides, desorption experiments were conducted to determine whether MPs in the rhizosphere zone could release previously sorbed Naphthalene and Phenanthrene. For desorption experiments, three scenarios were considered according to different environmental stresses. The results show that, when PET particles were exposed to Naphthalene (18 μ g/l) and Phenanthrene (0.11 μ g/l), they adsorbed 17.44 and 0.03 μ g/l of Naphthalene and Phenanthrene, respectively. PET particles also desorbed the same concentration in all three scenarios (root exudates) for Naphthalene (on average 3.775 μ g/l) and Phenanthrene (on average 0.00875 μ g/l). This indicates that the change in root exudates content does not affect the desorption capacity of PET for PAHs contaminants. Generally, the results of this study, suggest that PET particles absorbed 96.89% of Naphthalene and 27.27% of Phenanthrene and desorbed 21.65% of adsorbed Naphthalene and 29.17% of adsorbed Phenanthrene in the root exudate. The results show that PET particles can act as a carrier and transport PAHs from any source to the rhizosphere zone.

Correction to: Potentially toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in street dust of Yazd, a central capital city in Iran: contamination level, source identification, and ecological-health risk assessment.

Abstract: Contamination level, source, and ecological–health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the street dust of Yazd, a central capital city in Iran, were investigated for the first time regarding samples collected from 21 sites. Geochemical indices pointed out an enrichment trend of $${\text{Sb}} > {\text{Zn}} > {\text{Pb}} > {\text{Cu}} > {\text{Cd}} > {\text{As}} > {\text{Cr}} > {\text{Ni}} > {\text{V}} > {\text{Mn}} > {\text{Fe}} > {\text{Co}}$$ and an ecological risk trend of $${\text{Cd}} > {\text{As}} > {\text{Pb}} > {\text{Cu}} > {\text{Zn}} > {\text{Ni}} > {\text{Co}} > {\text{Cr}}$$ . The ecological risk indices of PAHs reflected high ecological risk for pyrene (Pyr). The statistical approach along with the isomeric ratios of PAHs suggested that the traffic-related sources, such as wearing of tires and brake pads, and the vehicular exhaust emissions were greatly responsible for the elevated concentrations of Pb, Cu, Sb, and PAHs, while Al, Ni, Co, V, Mn, As, and, to a lesser extent, Fe, Zn, Mo, and Cr were mainly influenced by geogenic sources. The human health risk assessment of PTEs and PAHs reflected that As, Cr, and Pb pose the highest non-carcinogenic risk in adults and children, compared with other PTEs and also PAHs. The carcinogenic health risk of Pb in the children and PAHs in both subpopulations was high for cancer development.

Trace elements in the shoreline and seabed sediments of the southern Caspian Sea: investigation of contamination level, distribution, ecological and human health risks, and elemental partition coefficient

Abstract: This study assesses the occurrence of trace elements (TEs) in sediments of the southern Caspian Sea. A total of 16 shoreline sediment samples and 15 seabed sediment samples along five coastal transects were studied. The mean concentration of TEs follows the order of Zn > V > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > As > Sb > Mo > Cd. The TEs had an uneven, heterogeneous distribution within the shoreline and seabed sampling sites. This is due to that the study area comprises a large number of different pollution sources, also different sediment physicochemical characteristics. Levels of individual TEs within the seabed sediment transects were higher where their shoreline sites had higher concentrations, reflecting that the coastal sites play an important role in diffusing the contaminants towards the sea. The main anthropogenic source of TEs in this highly populated region, especially in the western part, is likely a large number of discharge points of greywater entering the sea. In addition, dominant fishing industry, tourism, intense agriculture, and textile and paper industry, as well as several other commercial activities, contribute significantly to the overall loading of TEs. Based on the statistical analyses, the organic matter and mud fraction had a strong explanatory value for the spatial variation of Cu, while oxyhydroxides of Fe and Mn had good explanatory factors to govern the spatial variation of other TEs. Pb and Zn had a relatively high partition coefficient (Kd), reflecting the affinity of these elements to be sorbed to the sediment phase. Cd and Sb had lower Kd, tending to remain in the aqueous phase. Geochemical indices indicated high enrichment of Cd, Sb, Zn, and Pb at a number of sampling sites, reflecting potential local sources of contamination. The Sisangan recreational area was identified as the most contaminated site. From a public health perspective, the non-carcinogenic risk of TEs was significant only at this site. The carcinogenic risks of Pb(II) and As(III) in adults, and Pb(II), Cd(II), and As(III) in children, were tolerable.

Hydrogeochemical and ecological risk assessments of trace elements in the coastal surface water of the southern Caspian Sea

Abstract: This study investigates the occurrence, distribution, and potential ecological risk of trace elements (TEs) along with the hydrogeochemical characteristics of coastal surface water collected from the southern Caspian coasts in the Mazandaran province of Iran. Eighteen coastal water sites were sampled and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and ion chromatography to determine concentrations of TEs and major ions, respectively. Mean concentrations (µg/l) of TEs in the water followed the order: Al (154.3) > Fe (73.6) > Zn (67.8) > Mn (29.9) > Cu (5.7) > Mo (3.7) > Cd (2.8) > Se (2.3) > V (1.9) > Co = As (1.8) > Sb (1.2) > Pb (0.6). TEs displayed high variations within samples, reflecting many sources that control their concentrations in the coastal water. Most TEs displayed elevated concentrations in the east and west of the study area. The Na-Cl water type in the majority of investigated sites indicates excess alkaline elements and strong acid anions relative to alkaline earth cations and weak acid anions. Considering the saturation states of minerals, carbonate and evaporite minerals are oversaturated and unsaturated in surface water, respectively. Compositional interrelations between aqueous species showed that reverse cation exchange may have occurred. The excess SO42− content, derived from irrigation return flow and domestic greywater, probably plays a crucial role in the mobilization and transport of Zn and Pb by binding to sulfate ligands and forming aqueous complexes. Ecological risk assessment of TEs revealed that water in the majority of sites is safe in terms of As, Se, Pb, and Cd content, and unsuitable with respect to Zn and Cu. Acute and chronic toxicities of Cu and Zn are reported in several sites, thus coastal water cannot be used for fishery and protecting “nature reserve” purposes. However, industrial activity and tourism are safe to be conducted in most coastal water sites.

Source of 226Ra in Ramsar spring water, Iran: implication of water–rock interaction and stable isotopes

Abstract: This study was carried out primarily to understand the hydrogeochemical processes controlling the 226Ra anomalies in Ramsar area. Analyses revealed two types of water: (1) non-thermal Ca–HCO3 type and (2) thermal Na–Cl type, mainly of meteoric and hydrothermal origin, respectively. Non-thermal springs have higher concentrations of U due to silicate weathering. Thermal springs are characterized by high concentrations of 226Ra, As, Fe, Li, Cs, Rb, Sr, Ba, B, Br−, F−, NO3−, PO43− and SiO2 resulting from high-temperature water–rossck interaction and mixing with hydrothermal fluids. Thermal springs are manifestations of an old hydrothermal system with subsurface reservoir temperatures varying between 83 and 100 °C. Radium activity is negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with TDS, Cl−, Ba, and Ca, reflecting competitive ion effects of alkaline-earth metals, complexing with Cl−, and co-precipitation with barite and calcite. These processes are thought to be the dominant factors in controlling 226Ra mobility in spring water.

Arud granitic intrusion, the most probable source of radiation in high background natural radiation areas of Ramsar, North Iran

Abstract: The petrography and geochemical characteristics of three granitic intrusion bodies in Ramsar area are investigated. The concentration of radioactive elements in Arud is higher than Noosha and Akapol. Arud is a within plate and volcanic arc I-type granite. High 226Ra, U, Th, Rb/Sr, and LREE/HREE (LaN/YbN) values and low K/Rb, Zr, and Hf values indicate that Arud is more differentiated. Natural radioactivity of Arud is probably the result of abundant apatite, allanite, sphene, and zircon minerals. Chondrite-normalized REEs spider diagrams showed that 226Ra-rich carbonate deposits of soil and sediment samples are probably geochemically related to Arud subsurface magmatic system.