Filip K. Knop

TL;DR: Any potential beneficial gluco-metabolic effects of FXR-agonists remain to be established, whereas the clinical relevance of T GR5-based treatment modalities seems limited due to substantial safety concerns of TGR5 agonists observed in animal models.

TL;DR: Interestingly, it has never been shown whether plasma concentrations of pancreas-specific amylase and lipase concentrations are increased, and it has been speculated that elevated GLP-1 receptor agonist concentrations may be the direct cause.

TL;DR: In this paper, the first glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) was approved in 2005 (exenatide twice daily) for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the class has developed with newer compounds having more pronounced effects on glycaemic control and body weight.

TL;DR: In contrast, the short‐acting GLP‐1RAs seem to have a preserved and sustained effect on glucagon secretion and gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes, which could translate into effective lowering of postprandial glucose excursions; however, these observations regarding short‐ acting GLP-1 RAs are all derived from small open‐label trials and should thus be interpreted with caution.

TL;DR: It is hypothesised that empagliflozin lowers oxidative stress in patients with T2D at high risk of cardiovascular events and this study is a randomised, double-blinded and placebo-controlled study.