Showing papers by "Florentin Smarandache published in 2022"

An integrated decision support framework using single-valued neutrosophic-MASWIP-COPRAS for sustainability assessment of bioenergy production technologies

Abstract: As a clean and renewable energy, bioenergy is one of the most prospective alternatives to fossil fuels. Therefore, it has been received much attention and occupied a considerable status in the world’s energy consumption. Moreover, the sustainable bioenergy production can effectively decrease the risk of energy poverty and contribute to the economic and ecological benefits, particularly in developing countries. However, the selection of bioenergy production technologies (BPTs) has significant challenges and uncertainties due to various factors. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the BPTs and choose the most suitable and sustainable alternative among them. For this purpose, an integrated decision-making framework is proposed under single-valued neutrosophic environment. In the present approach, the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC) and stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) weighting integrated procedure (MASWIP) is introduced to compute the relative significances of the considered sustainability indicators. Then, the MASWIP-based complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) is introduced to prioritize the BPTs from single-valued neutrosophic perspective. Further, the present framework is implemented on a case study of BPTs evaluation problem with uncertain, inconsistent and indeterminate information, which approves the effectiveness and practicality of introduced method. To assess its robustness and stability, sensitivity and comparative studies are performed. The advantages of the developed method are emphasized in terms of stability and reliability by comparisons with five existing approaches, and the effectiveness of the present approach is verified. The findings of the study prove that the application of single-valued neutrosophic MASWIP-based COPRAS method in BPT selection is robust.

Prioritizing Energy Blockchain Use Cases Using Type-2 Neutrosophic Number Based EDAS

Abstract: The modern power systems are evolving in parallel to the development of other technological trends such as decarbonization and digitalization. While the penetration of renewable energy resources is increasing within the national and regional energy mix, emerging digitalization technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain technology are shaping modern power systems. Especially blockchain technology has a very high potential to disrupt the current and future energy sector landscape by enabling various use cases in this domain. This paper aims to prioritize different energy use cases where blockchain technology can actively be utilized to create additional value. This study proposes a Type-2 Neutrosophic Number (T2NN) based Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) to evaluate and rank a set of existing use cases of an energy blockchain system. Testing and validation of the model is done through a comparison against one alternative T2NN based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model and an existing approach from literature. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed, revealing that changing criteria weightings do not affect the ranking order of the use cases of the energy blockchain system. Prioritizing the use cases can assist the companies, standardization bodies, and related government authorities to make better decisions for their operations, such as ranking the investment decisions.

An integrated decision support framework using single-valued-MEREC-MULTIMOORA for low carbon tourism strategy assessment

Abstract: In this paper, globally existing low-carbon tourism strategies (LCTSs) are recognized and then ranked over fourteen different indicators relevant to SEE analysis (social (S), economic (E), and environmental (E) aspects) of sustainability. A comprehensive framework is proposed in which decision experts (DEs) are capable to assess linguistic values to give their decisions and contribute in the decision-making needs to rank the SEE aspects that affect the sustainable perspective of LCTSs. This paper therefore proposes an integrated decision-making framework considering the various conflicting indicators and SEE aspects of sustainability. In addition, treating of uncertainty and inconsistency for data, we consider a neutrosophic setting with the use of single-valued neutrosophic numbers (SVNNs). First, the MEREC (Method based on the removal effects of criteria) weighting procedure is applied to recognize the relative significance of the SEE aspects and their indicators. Second, the generalized Dombi operators are proposed and their elegant properties are discussed to obtain aggregated information of SVNNs. Third, MULTIMOORA method is used to prioritize alternatives. A case study considering six LCTSs is taken to approve the practicality of the introduced methodology, and comparison discussion is made to illustrate the benefits of the developed methodology. Sensitivity investigation is done to evidence the rationality and permanence of the proposed methodology with variations in indicators’ weights. The outcomes of the study offer valuable facts for low-carbon tourism experts and the outcomes of the case study specify that the LCTS-I is the optimum sustainable LCTSs with overall assessment degree of 0.208 after that LCTS-II with utility degree of 0.172.

Interval- valued fermatean neutrosophic graphs

Abstract: In this work, we define Interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophic graphs and present some operations on Interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophic graphs. Further, we introduce the concepts of Regular interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophic graphs, Strong interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophic graphs, Cartesian, Composition, Lexicographic product of interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophic graphs. Finally, we give the applications of Interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophic graphs.

A Single Valued Neutrosophic Extension of the Simple WISP Method

Abstract: An extension of the Integrated Simple Weighted Sum Product (WISP) method is presented in this article, customized for the application of single-valued neutrosophic numbers. The extension is suggested to take advantage that the application of neutrosophic sets provides in terms of solving complex decision-making problems, as well as decision-making problems associated with assessments, prediction uncertainty, imprecision, and so on. In addition, an adapted questionnaire and appropriate linguistic variables are also proposed in the article to enable a simpler and more precise collection of respondents’ attitudes using single-valued neutrosophic numbers. An approach for deneutrosophication, i.e. the transformation of a single-valued neutrosophic number into a crisp number is also proposed in the article. Detailed use and characteristics of the presented improvement are shown on an example of the evaluation of rural tourist tours.

Neutrosophic Statistics is an extension of Interval Statistics, while Plithogenic Statistics is the most general form of statistics (second version)

Abstract: In this paper, we prove that Neutrosophic Statistics is more general than Interval Statistics, since it may deal with all types of indeterminacies (with respect to the data, inferential procedures, probability distributions, graphical representations, etc.), it allows the reduction of indeterminacy, and it uses the neutrosophic probability that is more general than imprecise and classical probabilities and has more detailed corresponding probability density functions. While Interval Statistics only deals with indeterminacy that can be represented by intervals. And we respond to the arguments by Woodall et al. [1]. We show that not all indeterminacies (uncertainties) may be represented by intervals. Also, in some cases, we should better use hesitant sets (that have less indeterminacy) instead of intervals. We redirect the authors to the Plithogenic Probability and Plithogenic Statistics which are the most general forms of MultiVariate Probability and Multivariate Statistics respectively (including, of course, the Imprecise Probability and Interval Statistics as subclasses).

M-generalised q-neutrosophic extension of CoCoSo method

Abstract: Nowadays fuzzy approaches gain popularity to model multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems emerging in real-life applications. Modern modelling trends in this field include evaluation of the criteria information uncertainty and vagueness. Traditional neutrosophic sets are considered as the effective tool to express uncertainty of the information. However, in some cases, it cannot cover all recently proposed cases of the fuzzy sets. The m-generalized q-neutrosophic sets (mGqNNs) can effectively deal with this situation. The novel MCDM methodology CoCoSomGqNN is presented in this paper. An illustrative example presents the analysis of the effectiveness of different retrofit strategy selection decisions for the application in the civil engineering industry.

A Combined Use of Soft and Neutrosophic Sets for Student Assessment with Qualitative Grades

Abstract: A hybrid assessment method of a group’s overall performance with respect to a certain activity is developed in this paper using soft and neutrosophic sets as tools and it is applied for student assessment. The present method is compared with another method developed in an earlier authors’ work, which uses soft sets and grey numbers as tools for the assessment.

An Optimization Approach with Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Dombi Aggregation Operators

Abstract: Using the strength of a single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) with the flexibility of a hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) yields a robust model named the single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set (SVNHFS). Due to the ability to utilize three independent indexes (truthness, indeterminacy, and falsity), an SVNHFS is an efficient model for optimization and computational intelligence (CI) as well as an intelligent decision support system (IDSS). Taking advantage of the flexibility of operational parameters in Dombi’s t-norm and t-conorm operations, new aggregation operators (AOs) are proposed, which are named the SVN fuzzy Dombi weighted averaging (SVNHFDWA) operator, SVN hesitant fuzzy Dombi ordered weighted averaging (SVNHFDOWA) operator, SVN hesitant fuzzy Dombi hybrid averaging (SVNHFDHWA) operator, SVN hesitant fuzzy Dombi weighted geometric (SVNHFDWG) operator, SVN hesitant fuzzy Dombi ordered weighted geometric (SVNHFDOWG) operator as well as SVN hesitant fuzzy Dombi hybrid weighted geometric (SVNHFDHWG) operator. The efficiency of these AOs is investigated in order to determine the best option using SVN hesitant fuzzy numbers (SVNHFNs) in an IDSS. Additionally, a practical application of SVNHFDWA and SVNHFDWG is also presented to examine symmetrical analysis in the selection of wireless charging station for vehicles.

Merec-cobra approach in e-commerce development strategy selection

Abstract: The research objective of the paper is to propose a model, based on the Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods, that facilitates a selection process of an adequate strategy directed to the development of e-commerce. For that aim, the MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) is applied for defining the criteria weights. The recently proposed COmprehensive Distance Based RAnking (COBRA) method is used for the final assessment and ranking of the considered alternatives. The applicability of the proposed model is tested by using an example borrowed from the literature. Three alternative development strategies are assessed against five evaluation criteria. The final results proved the applicability and reliability of the proposed MCDM model.

N-Cylindrical Fuzzy Neutrosophic Sets

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new type of fuzzy Neutrosophic set called n-Cylindrical fuzzy Neutrosophic set (n-CyFNS), with I as independent neutrosophic component. The n-CyFNS can be claimed as the largest extension of fuzzy sets. In n-CyFNS, the degree of positive, neutral and negative membership functions are satisfying the condition, 0≤ βA(x) ≤1 and 0≤ αA n(x) + γAn(x) ≤ 1, 1, is an integer. Also the distance between two n- CyFNS and its properties are also defined. Along with basic operations on n- CyFNSs, we put forward two concepts-Neutrosophic affinity degree Neutrosophic similarity index which is used to compare and correlate n-CyFNSs respectively. A comparison is made in the n-CyFNS environment using the existing correlation measures to check its reliability.

On Single Valued Neutrosophic Regularity Spaces

Abstract: This article aims to present new terms of single-valued neutrosophic notions in the Šostak sense, known as single-valued neutrosophic regularity spaces. Concepts such as r-single-valued neutrosophic semi £-open, r-single-valued neutrosophic pre-£-open, r-single valued neutrosophic regular-£-open and r-single valued neutrosophic α£-open are defined and their properties are studied as well as the relationship between them. Moreover, we introduce the concept of r-single valued neutrosophic θ£-cluster point and r-single-valued neutrosophic γ £-cluster point, r-θ£-closed, and θ£-closure operators and study some of their properties. Also, we present and investigate the notions of r-single-valued neutrosophic θ£-connectedness and r-single valued neutrosophic δ£-connectedness and investigate relationship with single-valued neutrosophic almost £-regular. We compare all these forms of connectedness and investigate their properties in single-valued neutrosophic semiregular and single-valued neutrosophic almost regular in neutrosophic ideal topological spaces in Šostak sense. The usefulness of these concepts are incorporated to multiple attribute groups of comparison within the connectedness and separateness of θ£ and δ£.

Some Algebraic structures of Neutrosophic fuzzy sets

Abstract: The mathematical operations of convergence, association, supplement, arithmetical total, logarithmic item, scalar increase, and exponentiation are the main topics of this article. We show certain important logarithmic features of idempotency, commutativity, associativity, retention, distributivity, and De Morgan’s laws over the addition of Neutrosophic fuzzy sets. We also outline new fixations and NFS widening and show some concepts in action. Last but not least, we define a further operation (@)on Neutrosophic fuzzy sets and investigate distributive laws for the case where the responsibilities of ⊕, ⊗, ∪, and ∩ are combined.

Introduction to SuperHyperAlgebra and Neutrosophic SuperHyperAlgebra

Abstract: In this paper we recall our concepts of n th -Power Set of a Set, SuperHyperOperation, SuperHyperAxiom, SuperHyperAlgebra, and their corresponding Neutrosophic SuperHyperOperation, Neutrosophic SuperHyperAxiom and Neutrosophic SuperHyperAlgebra. In general, in any (cid:12)eld of knowledge, one actually encoun-ters SuperHyperStructures (or more accurately ( m; n )-SuperHyperStructures).

Time-Leveled Hypersoft Matrix, Level Cuts, Operators, and COVID-19 Collective Patient Health State Ranking Model

Abstract: This article is the first step to formulate such higher dimensional mathematical structures in the extended fuzzy set theory that includes time as a fundamental source of variation. To deal with such higher dimensional information, some modern data processing structures had to be built. Classical matrices (connecting equations and variables through rows and columns) are a limited approach to organizing higher dimensional data, composed of scattered information in numerous forms and vague appearances that differ on time levels. To extend the approach of organizing and classifying the higher dimensional information in terms of specific time levels, this unique plithogenic crisp time-leveled hypersoft-matrix (PCTLHS matrix) model is introduced. This hypersoft matrix has multiple parallel layers that describe parallel universes/realities/information on some specific time levels as a combined view of events. Furthermore, a specific kind of view of the matrix is described as a top view. According to this view, i-level cuts, sublevel cuts, and sub-sublevel cuts are introduced. These level cuts sort the clusters of information initially, subject-wise then attribute-wise, and finally time-wise. These level cuts are such matrix layers that focus on one required piece of information while allowing the variation of others, which is like viewing higher dimensional images in lower dimensions as a single layer of the PCTLHS matrix. In addition, some local aggregation operators are designed to unify i-level cuts. These local operators serve the purpose of unifying the material bodies of the universe. This means that all elements of the universe are fused and represented as a single body of matter, reflecting multiple attributes on different time planes. This is how the concept of a unified global matter (something like dark matter) is visualized. Finally, to describe the model in detail, a numerical example is constructed to organize and classify the states of patients with COVID-19.

The NILPOTENT Characterization of the finite neutrosophic p-groups

Abstract: A well known and referenced global result is the nilpotent characterisation of the finite p-groups. This undoubtedly transends into neutrosophy. Hence, this fact of the neutrosophic nilpotent p-groups is worth critical studying and comprehensive analysis. The nilpotent characterisation depicts that there exists a derived series (Lower Central) which must terminate at {ϵ} ( an identity ) , after a finite number of steps. Now, Suppose that G(I) is a neutrosophic p-group of class at least m ≥ 3. We show in this paper that Lm−1(G(I)) is abelian and hence G(I) possesses a characteristic abelian neutrosophic subgroup which is not supposed to be contained in Z(G(I)). Furthermore, If L3(G(I)) = 1 such that pm is the highest order of an element of G(I)L2(G(I)) (where G(I) is any neutrosophic p-group) then no element of L2(G(I)) has an order higher than pm.

Improved definition of non standard neutrosophic logic and introduction to neutrosophic hyperreals (fourth version)

Abstract: On the third version of this response-paper to Imamura's criticism, we recall that Non Standard Neutrosophic Logic was never used by neutrosophic community in no application, that the quarter of century oldneutrosophic operators (1995–1998) criticized by Imamura were never utilized since they were improved shortly after but he omits to tell their development, and that in real world applications we need to convert/approximate the Non Standard Analysis hyperreals, monads and binads to tiny intervals with the desired accuracy - otherwise they would be inapplicable. We point out several errors and false statements by Imamura [21] with respect to the inf/sup of nonstandard subsets, also Imamura's “rigorous definition of neutrosophic logic” is wrong and the same for his definition of nonstandard unit interval, and we prove that there is not a total order on the set of hyperreals (because of the newly introduced Neutrosophic Hyperreals that are indeterminate), whence the transfer principle is questionable. After his criticism, several response publications on theoretical nonstandard neutrosophics followed in the period 2018–2022. As such, Iextended the Non Standard Analysis by adding the left monad closed to the right, right monad closed to the left, pierced binad (we introduced in 1998), and unpierced binad- all these in order to close the newly extended nonstandard space (R*) under nonstandard addition, nonstandard subtraction, nonstandard multiplication, nonstandard division, and nonstandard power operations [23, 24]. Improved definitions of Non Standard Unit Interval and Non Standard Neutrosophic Logic are presented.

Remark on the Safire Project’s findings and infinite velocity beyond speed of light

Abstract: I and Florentin communicated extensively for the last 4 years or so. And this is one of our email, on Project Greenglow and infinite velocity of Coulomb potential etc. This communication is excerpt of previous emails between us.

UNM Digital Repository UNM Digital Repository Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set over Rings Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set over Rings

Abstract: . S.Broumi and F.Smarandache introduced the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set as an extension of the soft set theory. In this paper we have applied the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set to rings theory .The notion of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set over ring (INSSOR for short ) is introduced and their basic properties have been investigated.The definitions of intersection, union, AND, and OR operations over ring (INSSOR) have also been defined. Finally, we have defined the product of two intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set over ring.

On mythical Dewaruci, Manunggaling kawula-Gusti and other non-trivial Javanese logic

Abstract: Discourses on logic have been for a long time predominated by Aristotelian logic, especially that is the case in the West. Although since early 20th century there are new development towards many-valued logic, for instance by Lukasiewicz etc, and also fuzzy logic theory by Lotfi Zadeh; and also in recent years there is development by one of us (FS) on Neutrosophic Logic, Plithogenic Logic etc. But still the general public usually are only accustomed to Aristotelian way. More recently, there are growing interests to consider African, Asian and also Native American logic. Nonetheless there is very rare discussion on Javanese logic, except perhaps a report by P. Stange. This article will consider some variations of logic which may show non-triviality of Javanese logic. Hopefully more readers are interested to consider this theme further.

Analytical Solution of the Simplest Entropiece Inversion Problem

Abstract: In this paper, we present a method to solve analytically the simplest Entropiece Inversion Problem (EIP). This theoretical problem consists in finding a method to calculate a Basic Belief Assignment (BBA) from the knowledge of a given entropiece vector which quantifies effectively the measure of uncertainty of a BBA in the framework of the theory of belief functions. We give an example of the calculation of EIP solution for a simple EIP case, and we show the difficulty to establish the explicit general solution of this theoretical problem that involves transcendental Lambert’s functions.

Remark on Project Greenglow and Rodin coil

Abstract: I and Florentin communicated extensively for the last 4 years or so. And this is one of our email, on my experience with Project Greenglow and using Rodin coil for special stargate device. The following is excerpt of communication with me and Florentin.

How Violation of Newton's Third Law Can Pave Way to New Space Propulsion Mechanism via Optical Diametric Drive Experiment

Abstract: In our initial paper discussing plausible steps toward workable warp drive machines. The following article express our view on this debate. While there are still objections toward existing warpdriveproposals, such as by G. Landis, Harold White etc., because they are all based on GTR. Nonetheless we think it is possible by starting to see if it is possible to deviate from Newton’s third law. And we discuss possible a propulsion method based on negative masses, and discuss how optical diameter drive can be first step for realistic lab-scale version of negative mass propulsion. Abstract нашей первоначальной Abstract In ons eerste artikel waarin een plausibele stap naar werkbare machines wordt besproken, bespreken we dat om een werkbare warp-aandrijfmachine te bereiken. Het volgende artikel geeft onze visie op dit debat weer. Terwijl we onze bezwaren hebben tegen bestaande voorstellen voor warpaandrijving, zoals door G. Landis, Harold White enz., omdat ze allemaal gebaseerd zijn op GTR. Toch denken we dat het mogelijk is door te gaan kijken of het mogelijk is om af te wijken van de derde wet van Newton. En we bespreken een mogelijke voortstuwingsmethode op basis van negatieve massa's, en bespreken hoe optische-diameteraandrijving de eerste stap kan zijn voor een realistische versie van negatieve diameter drive-experiment. Abstract In unserem ersten Artikel, in dem wir einen plausiblen Schritt in Richtung funktionstüchtiger Maschinen diskutieren, diskutieren wir dies, um eine funktionstüchtige Warp-Antriebsmaschine zu erreichen. Der folgende Artikel stellt unsere Sicht auf diese Debatte dar. Während wir unsere Einwände gegen bestehende Warp-Antriebsvorschläge wie von G. Landis, Harold White usw. haben, da sie alle auf GTR basieren. Trotzdem halten wir es für möglich, weiterhin zu sehen, ob es möglich ist, von Newtons drittem Gesetz abzuweichen. Und wir diskutieren eine mögliche Antriebsmethode mit negativer Masse und diskutieren, wie der Antrieb mit optischem Durchmesser der erste Schritt zu einer realistischen Version des Antriebs mit negativer Masse im Labormaßstab sein könnte. Abstract 在我們的第一篇文章中，我們討論了朝著工作機器邁出的合理步驟，我們討論這個是 為 了實現一個工作的 曲引擎。