Francesca Anna Cupaioli

TL;DR: Recent studies on the molecular aspects of neuromelanin of the human substantia nigra are reviewed, revealing a dual nature, which can be a protective factor, shielding the cells from toxic effects of redox active metals, toxins, and excess of cytosolic catecholamines.

TL;DR: It is important to design adequate models and experimental systems to evaluate in a reliable and controlled fashion the effects of NPs on the brain, and generate data representative of effects on the human brain, thereby useful for developing robust and valid nanosafety standards.

TL;DR: It appears that the neuromelanin-containing organelle has a very slow turnover during the life of a neuron and represents an intracellular compartment of final destination for numerous molecules not degraded by other systems.

TL;DR: Considering the social burden of pathological forms of aggression, more basic and translational studies should be conducted to accelerate applications to clinical practice, justice courts, and policy making.

TL;DR: A network-based meta-analysis of the genes reported as associated with AsDs by studies that involved genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics provides a prioritization of the large number of genes proposed to be associated with ASDs, based on genes’ relevance within the intracellular circuits, the strength of the supporting evidence of association with ASD, and the number of different molecular alterations affecting genes.