Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

“Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks”の学習報告

Many problems in the sciences and engineering can be rephrased as optimization problems on matrix search spaces endowed with a so-called manifold structure. This book shows how to exploit the special structure of such problems to develop efficient numerical algorithms. It places careful emphasis on both the numerical formulation of the algorithm and its differential geometric abstraction--illustrating how good algorithms draw equally from the insights of differential geometry, optimization, and numerical analysis. Two more theoretical chapters provide readers with the background in differential geometry necessary to algorithmic development. In the other chapters, several well-known optimization methods such as steepest descent and conjugate gradients are generalized to abstract manifolds. The book provides a generic development of each of these methods, building upon the material of the geometric chapters. It then guides readers through the calculations that turn these geometrically formulated methods into concrete numerical algorithms. The state-of-the-art algorithms given as examples are competitive with the best existing algorithms for a selection of eigenspace problems in numerical linear algebra. Optimization Algorithms on Matrix Manifolds offers techniques with broad applications in linear algebra, signal processing, data mining, computer vision, and statistical analysis. It can serve as a graduate-level textbook and will be of interest to applied mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists.

http://www.eeci-institute.eu/GSC2011/Photos-EECI/EECI-GSC-2011-M5/book_AMS.pdf

Optimization Algorithms on Matrix Manifolds

We explore in this chapter questions of existence and uniqueness for solutions to stochastic differential equations and offer a study of their properties. This endeavor is really a study of diffusion processes. Loosely speaking, the term diffusion is attributed to a Markov process which has continuous sample paths and can be characterized in terms of its infinitesimal generator.

Stochastic Differential Equations

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

The present research deals with audio events detection in noisy environments for a multimedia surveillance application. In surveillance or homeland security most of the systems aiming to automatically detect abnormal situations are only based on visual clues while, in some situations, it may be easier to detect a given event using the audio information. This is in particular the case for the class of sounds considered in this paper, sounds produced by gun shots. The automatic shot detection system presented is based on a novelty detection approach which offers a solution to detect abnormality (abnormal audio events) in continuous audio recordings of public places. We specifically focus on the robustness of the detection against variable and adverse conditions and the reduction of the false rejection rate which is particularly important in surveillance applications. In particular, we take advantage of potential similarity between the acoustic signatures of the different types of weapons by building a hierarchical classification system

/pdf/events-detection-for-an-audio-based-surveillance-system-1megczpke1.pdf

Events Detection for an Audio-Based Surveillance System

Music signal processing may appear to be the junior relation of the large and mature field of speech signal processing, not least because many techniques and representations originally developed for speech have been applied to music, often with good results. However, music signals possess specific acoustic and structural characteristics that distinguish them from spoken language or other nonmusical signals. This paper provides an overview of some signal analysis techniques that specifically address musical dimensions such as melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. We will examine how particular characteristics of music signals impact and determine these techniques, and we highlight a number of novel music analysis and retrieval tasks that such processing makes possible. Our goal is to demonstrate that, to be successful, music audio signal processing techniques must be informed by a deep and thorough insight into the nature of music itself.

/pdf/signal-processing-for-music-analysis-1n1th5w5f8.pdf

Signal Processing for Music Analysis

Melody extraction algorithms aim to produce a sequence of frequency values corresponding to the pitch of the dominant melody from a musical recording. Over the past decade, melody extraction has emerged as an active research topic, comprising a large variety of proposed algorithms spanning a wide range of techniques. This article provides an overview of these techniques, the applications for which melody extraction is useful, and the challenges that remain. We start with a discussion of ?melody? from both musical and signal processing perspectives and provide a case study that interprets the output of a melody extraction algorithm for specific excerpts. We then provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of melody extraction algorithms based on the results of an international evaluation campaign. We discuss issues of algorithm design, evaluation, and applications that build upon melody extraction. Finally, we discuss some of the remaining challenges in melody extraction research in terms of algorithmic performance, development, and evaluation methodology.

/pdf/melody-extraction-from-polyphonic-music-signals-approaches-10mm2vs10l.pdf

Melody Extraction from Polyphonic Music Signals: Approaches, applications, and challenges

Extracting the main melody from a polyphonic music recording seems natural even to untrained human listeners. To a certain extent it is related to the concept of source separation, with the human ability of focusing on a specific source in order to extract relevant information. In this paper, we propose a new approach for the estimation and extraction of the main melody (and in particular the leading vocal part) from polyphonic audio signals. To that aim, we propose a new signal model where the leading vocal part is explicitly represented by a specific source/filter model. The proposed representation is investigated in the framework of two statistical models: a Gaussian Scaled Mixture Model (GSMM) and an extended Instantaneous Mixture Model (IMM). For both models, the estimation of the different parameters is done within a maximum-likelihood framework adapted from single-channel source separation techniques. The desired sequence of fundamental frequencies is then inferred from the estimated parameters. The results obtained in a recent evaluation campaign (MIREX08) show that the proposed approaches are very promising and reach state-of-the-art performances on all test sets.

/pdf/source-filter-model-for-unsupervised-main-melody-extraction-46jaunctrp.pdf

Source/Filter Model for Unsupervised Main Melody Extraction From Polyphonic Audio Signals

This paper introduces a fast implementation of the power iteration method for subspace tracking, based on an approximation that is less restrictive than the well-known projection approximation. This algorithm, referred to as the fast approximated power iteration (API) method, guarantees the orthonormality of the subspace weighting matrix at each iteration. Moreover, it outperforms many subspace trackers related to the power iteration method, such as PAST, NIC, NP3, and OPAST, while having the same computational complexity. The API method is designed for both exponential windows and sliding windows. Our numerical simulations show that sliding windows offer a faster tracking response to abrupt signal variations.

/pdf/fast-approximated-power-iteration-subspace-tracking-3akhd6qo5e.pdf

Gael Richard

Papers

Events Detection for an Audio-Based Surveillance System

Signal Processing for Music Analysis

Melody Extraction from Polyphonic Music Signals: Approaches, applications, and challenges

Source/Filter Model for Unsupervised Main Melody Extraction From Polyphonic Audio Signals

Fast approximated power iteration subspace tracking