Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

The analysis of medical images has been woven into the fabric of the pattern analysis and machine intelligence (PAMI) community since the earliest days of these Transactions. Initially, the efforts in this area were seen as applying pattern analysis and computer vision techniques to another interesting dataset. However, over the last two to three decades, the unique nature of the problems presented within this area of study have led to the development of a new discipline in its own right. Examples of these include: the types of image information that are acquired, the fully three-dimensional image data, the nonrigid nature of object motion and deformation, and the statistical variation of both the underlying normal and abnormal ground truth. In this paper, we look at progress in the field over the last 20 years and suggest some of the challenges that remain for the years to come.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00615100/document

Medical image analysis: progress over two decades and the challenges ahead

From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

語用論(Pragmatics)を考える

I read this book the same weekend that the Packers took on the Rams, and the experience of the latter event, obviously, colored my judgment. Although I abhor anything that smacks of being a handbook (like, \"How to Earn a Merit Badge in Neurosurgery\") because too many volumes in biomedical science already evince a boyscout-like approach, I must confess that parts of this volume are fast, scholarly, and significant, with certain reservations. I like parts of this well-illustrated book because Dr. Sj6strand, without so stating, develops certain subjects on technique in relation to the acquisition of judgment and sophistication. And this is important! So, given that the author (like all of us) is somewhat deficient in some areas, and biased in others, the book is still valuable if the uninitiated reader swallows it in a general fashion, realizing full well that what will be required from the reader is a modulation to fit his vision, propreception, adaptation and response, and the kind of problem he is undertaking. A major deficiency of this book is revealed by comparison of its use of physics and of chemistry to provide understanding and background for the application of high resolution electron microscopy to problems in biology. Since the volume is keyed to high resolution electron microscopy, which is a sophisticated form of structural analysis, but really morphology in a modern guise, the physical and mechanical background of The instrument and its ancillary tools are simply and well presented. The potential use of chemical or cytochemical information as it relates to biological fine structure , however, is quite deficient. I wonder when even sophisticated morphol-ogists will consider fixation a reaction and not a technique; only then will the fundamentals become self-evident and predictable and this sine qua flon will become less mystical. Staining reactions (the most inadequate chapter) ought to be something more than a technique to selectively enhance contrast of morphological elements; it ought to give the structural addresses of some of the chemical residents of cell components. Is it pertinent that auto-radiography gets singled out for more complete coverage than other significant aspects of cytochemistry by a high resolution microscopist, when it has a built-in minimal error of 1,000 A in standard practice? I don't mean to blind-side (in strict football terminology) Dr. Sj6strand's efforts for what is \"routinely used in our laboratory\"; what is done is usually well done. It's just that …

Methods in Enzymology.

The aim of this work is to exploit regular structure in a scene by using the gestalt laws of perception in the field of computer vision. The statistical result of a hand labelled training set is employed to derive ‘‘Areas of perceptual attentiveness’’. Grouping hypotheses are thus generated based on local evidence. To judge these hypotheses in a more global context a Markov random field is used. The approach is contour-based and different types of grouping hypotheses define a hierarchy according to their growing complexity.

Perceptual Grouping of Contour Segments Using Markov Random Fields

In this paper we present the Augmented Reality-based Interception Interface (ARbInI), a multimodal Augmented Reality (AR) system to investigate effects and structures of human-human interaction in collaborative tasks. It is introduced as a novel methodology to monitor, record, and simultaneously manipulate multimodal perception and to measure so-called alignment signals. The linguistic term 'alignment' here refers to automatic and unconscious processes during communication of interactants. As a consequence of these processes, the structure of communication between the two interactants conforms to each other (for example, they use the same terms, gestures, etc.). Alignment is a debated model for communication in the community [1] and here we strive for providing novel means to study it by instrumenting the interaction channels of human interactants [2]. AR allows for a very close coupling between the user and a technical system. ARbInI adds to this a decoupling mechanism between two interacting users from the outside world and from each other via cameras and head-mounted displays (resp. microphone and headphones). This allows to monitor and record the exact perceived auditory and visual stimuli. This furthermore adds full control to the audiovisual input of the subjects: for instance, AR allows the manipulalion of shown virtual objects on top of physical objects by displaying a different size, shape or level of detail to the participants. Thus, the ARbInI has full control on the visual and auditory input of the subjects by means of the perceptual decoupling. With the help of visual and auditory AR techniques it is possible to manipulate the stimuli, for example by selectively changing the size, color or shape of virtual objects that are augmented in the views of cooperating users. Using ARToolKit markers attached to physical objects we make full use of augmented reality to realize physical interaction with virtual objects in our studies. In this paper, we also present VideoDB as a scenario. It focuses on the task to collaboratively organize and arrange multimodal video snippets. We discuss its potential regarding the recording and investigation of alignment.

http://aiweb.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/files/hcii09dierker_et_al-preprint.pdf

A Multimodal Augmented Reality System for Alignment Research

Es wird ein integrierter Ansatz zur Detektion unbekannter Worter bei der Erkennung gesprochener Sprache vorgestellt. Grundlage ist ein existierendes Spracherkennungssystem, das auf Hidden-Markov-Modellen basiert. Neben den bekannten modellierten Wortern wird auf der Basis von phonotaktischen Regeln ein Modell fur ‘unbekanntes Wort’ aufgebaut und gleichsam als zusatzliches Wort im Erkennungslexikon verwendet. Diese Vorgehensweise wird in umfangreichen Testreihen evaluiert

Detektion unbekannter Wörter mit Hilfe phonotaktischer Modelle

The vast majority of speech understanding systems suffers from a bottleneck between the recognition and the interpretation components. Normally, only a relatively small set of word hypotheses is passed from the recognizer and no flow of information in the opposite direction is even possible. We propose an interaction scheme that tries to overcome many of the disadvantages of traditional systems. It makes use of the possibility to process abstract constituents in our word recognizer and pass them back as complex hypotheses. Predictions that define the complex analysis goal of the recognition can be derived dynamically during the interpretation of an utterance. A left-to-right processing in both recognition and interpretation makes an incremental analysis possible.

Gerhard Sagerer

Papers

Perceptual Grouping of Contour Segments Using Markov Random Fields

A Multimodal Augmented Reality System for Alignment Research

Detektion unbekannter Wörter mit Hilfe phonotaktischer Modelle

A close high-level interaction scheme for recognition and interpretation of speech.

Integration von Bild- und Sprachverstehen in einer kognitiven Architektur