Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

The analysis of medical images has been woven into the fabric of the pattern analysis and machine intelligence (PAMI) community since the earliest days of these Transactions. Initially, the efforts in this area were seen as applying pattern analysis and computer vision techniques to another interesting dataset. However, over the last two to three decades, the unique nature of the problems presented within this area of study have led to the development of a new discipline in its own right. Examples of these include: the types of image information that are acquired, the fully three-dimensional image data, the nonrigid nature of object motion and deformation, and the statistical variation of both the underlying normal and abnormal ground truth. In this paper, we look at progress in the field over the last 20 years and suggest some of the challenges that remain for the years to come.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00615100/document

Medical image analysis: progress over two decades and the challenges ahead

From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

語用論(Pragmatics)を考える

I read this book the same weekend that the Packers took on the Rams, and the experience of the latter event, obviously, colored my judgment. Although I abhor anything that smacks of being a handbook (like, \"How to Earn a Merit Badge in Neurosurgery\") because too many volumes in biomedical science already evince a boyscout-like approach, I must confess that parts of this volume are fast, scholarly, and significant, with certain reservations. I like parts of this well-illustrated book because Dr. Sj6strand, without so stating, develops certain subjects on technique in relation to the acquisition of judgment and sophistication. And this is important! So, given that the author (like all of us) is somewhat deficient in some areas, and biased in others, the book is still valuable if the uninitiated reader swallows it in a general fashion, realizing full well that what will be required from the reader is a modulation to fit his vision, propreception, adaptation and response, and the kind of problem he is undertaking. A major deficiency of this book is revealed by comparison of its use of physics and of chemistry to provide understanding and background for the application of high resolution electron microscopy to problems in biology. Since the volume is keyed to high resolution electron microscopy, which is a sophisticated form of structural analysis, but really morphology in a modern guise, the physical and mechanical background of The instrument and its ancillary tools are simply and well presented. The potential use of chemical or cytochemical information as it relates to biological fine structure , however, is quite deficient. I wonder when even sophisticated morphol-ogists will consider fixation a reaction and not a technique; only then will the fundamentals become self-evident and predictable and this sine qua flon will become less mystical. Staining reactions (the most inadequate chapter) ought to be something more than a technique to selectively enhance contrast of morphological elements; it ought to give the structural addresses of some of the chemical residents of cell components. Is it pertinent that auto-radiography gets singled out for more complete coverage than other significant aspects of cytochemistry by a high resolution microscopist, when it has a built-in minimal error of 1,000 A in standard practice? I don't mean to blind-side (in strict football terminology) Dr. Sj6strand's efforts for what is \"routinely used in our laboratory\"; what is done is usually well done. It's just that …

Methods in Enzymology.

Rahmenbedingung bildet das Spracherkennungssystem EVAR /Nie85/, das mit einem Benutzer einen telefonischen Auskunftsdialog uber einen begrenzten Aufgabenbe­reich (Intercity-Netz) fuhren soll. Fur das automatische Verstehen gesprochener Sprache sind dabei zwei Spielarten der Analyse zu unterscheiden. Zum einen kennen wir eine Hierarchie sprachlicher Einheiten zunehmender zeitlicher Dauer, welche die Oberflache einer Auserung reprasentieren. Daneben mus eine Auserung auch strukturell analysiert werden, d.h. ihr Aufbau aus syntaktischen Konstituenten und die Abbildung vom Gesagten zum Gemeinten mus erschlossen werden.

/pdf/flexible-steuerung-eines-sprachverstehenden-systems-mit-3hpd9pqy9k.pdf

Flexible Steuerung eines sprachverstehenden Systems mit Hilfe mehrkomponentiger Bewertungen

Fast Docking algorithms usually employ the rigid-body assumption~\citeAck98,ewing2001. They score geometric complementarity as well as physico-chemical features. However, for unbound protein docking steric clashes might impose wrong penalization if side-chains change their conformation during the docking process. Using elasticity information obtained through energy calculations and statistics, we introduce a flexibility measure that combines the two. We reduce the influence of steric clash for side chains that are likely to change when scoring docking constellations.

Calculating Residue Flexibility Information from Statistics and Energy based Prediction

Schritthaltende Generierung von Wortgraphen

In this contribution, we present the “visual system” of an artificial communicator, which enables the communicator to recognize objects (wooden toy pieces) in camera images. It is based on a hybrid approach, which applies artificial neural nets for a holistic representation of low level knowledge. The transition to the symbolic level is realized using a semantic network as a knowledge base containing explicit object models. In the next processing step, the information extracted from single images is integrated by a scene memory to a representation suitable for the artificial communicator. On the one hand, the memory stabilizes the data extracted from static scenes, on the other hand it realizes an efficient representation of changing scenes calculating the “difference”. By these means, other modules of the communicator working on different time scales can access the scene information interactively, which is the prerequisite for a dialogue with the user.

Ein hybrides Bildanalyse-System für einen künstlichen Kommunikator

The concept of representation has proven useful in the study of nervous, computational and robotic systems. Examples of representation from neuro­ science include descriptions of the visual system, where the activity of neurons reflect properties of the visual environment (e.g. Hubei and Wiesel, 1968; Martin, 1994). Central brain areas contain representations: for example neurons in the hippo­ campus are influenced in a predictable fashion by the position of the animal (O ’Keefe and Nadel, 1978). In the motor system the activity of neurons relates to the activation of muscles and coordinate movement (e.g. Georgopoulos et al., 1982). The concept of a neural representation covers a wide range of phenomena, from the relation between sensory inputs and the environment through neu­ ral codes of an organisms location within the envi­ ronment to the relationship between neural activ­ ity and motor actions allowing interaction with the environment. Issues of representation are also found in computational science and robotics. For example, computational models of information processing for categorization of inputs can be broadly divided into two classes: those that postu­ late a single “object-centred” representation of each category or object and those that postulate multiple units to represent each category or object

Gerhard Sagerer

Papers

Flexible Steuerung eines sprachverstehenden Systems mit Hilfe mehrkomponentiger Bewertungen

Calculating Residue Flexibility Information from Statistics and Energy based Prediction

Schritthaltende Generierung von Wortgraphen

Ein hybrides Bildanalyse-System für einen künstlichen Kommunikator

Group report: representations in natural and artificial systems.