Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

The analysis of medical images has been woven into the fabric of the pattern analysis and machine intelligence (PAMI) community since the earliest days of these Transactions. Initially, the efforts in this area were seen as applying pattern analysis and computer vision techniques to another interesting dataset. However, over the last two to three decades, the unique nature of the problems presented within this area of study have led to the development of a new discipline in its own right. Examples of these include: the types of image information that are acquired, the fully three-dimensional image data, the nonrigid nature of object motion and deformation, and the statistical variation of both the underlying normal and abnormal ground truth. In this paper, we look at progress in the field over the last 20 years and suggest some of the challenges that remain for the years to come.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00615100/document

Medical image analysis: progress over two decades and the challenges ahead

From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

語用論(Pragmatics)を考える

I read this book the same weekend that the Packers took on the Rams, and the experience of the latter event, obviously, colored my judgment. Although I abhor anything that smacks of being a handbook (like, \"How to Earn a Merit Badge in Neurosurgery\") because too many volumes in biomedical science already evince a boyscout-like approach, I must confess that parts of this volume are fast, scholarly, and significant, with certain reservations. I like parts of this well-illustrated book because Dr. Sj6strand, without so stating, develops certain subjects on technique in relation to the acquisition of judgment and sophistication. And this is important! So, given that the author (like all of us) is somewhat deficient in some areas, and biased in others, the book is still valuable if the uninitiated reader swallows it in a general fashion, realizing full well that what will be required from the reader is a modulation to fit his vision, propreception, adaptation and response, and the kind of problem he is undertaking. A major deficiency of this book is revealed by comparison of its use of physics and of chemistry to provide understanding and background for the application of high resolution electron microscopy to problems in biology. Since the volume is keyed to high resolution electron microscopy, which is a sophisticated form of structural analysis, but really morphology in a modern guise, the physical and mechanical background of The instrument and its ancillary tools are simply and well presented. The potential use of chemical or cytochemical information as it relates to biological fine structure , however, is quite deficient. I wonder when even sophisticated morphol-ogists will consider fixation a reaction and not a technique; only then will the fundamentals become self-evident and predictable and this sine qua flon will become less mystical. Staining reactions (the most inadequate chapter) ought to be something more than a technique to selectively enhance contrast of morphological elements; it ought to give the structural addresses of some of the chemical residents of cell components. Is it pertinent that auto-radiography gets singled out for more complete coverage than other significant aspects of cytochemistry by a high resolution microscopist, when it has a built-in minimal error of 1,000 A in standard practice? I don't mean to blind-side (in strict football terminology) Dr. Sj6strand's efforts for what is \"routinely used in our laboratory\"; what is done is usually well done. It's just that …

Methods in Enzymology.

The development of speech processing front-ends for the controll ing of complex systems has received more and more interest during the last years. Usually this task is divided in two subtasks. The speech recogniser records the utterance and puts out a corresponding text, and the speech understanding module tries to extract an internal representation of the meaning of the utterance. As shown in Figure 1 the recogniser uses an acoustic model as well as a statistical language model, which are both generated from a corpus. The speech understanding uses linguistic and domain specific knowledge designed by experts.

Integrated Recognition and Interpretation of Speech for a Construction Task Domain

The authors present an algorithm for the incremental generation of word graphs. Incremental means that the speech signal is processed left-to-right by a time synchronous Viterbi algorithm and word hypotheses are generated with some delay to Viterbi decoding. The incrementally generated word hypotheses can be used for early interaction between linguistic analysis and acoustic recognition. Therefore, it is possible to derive acoustic constraints from linguistic restrictions dynamically.

/pdf/incremental-generation-of-word-graphs-1bh0v4s4ps.pdf

Incremental generation of word graphs

In this paper we propose an architecture of an image understanding system for a situated
arti cial communicator realizing human-machine interaction. Starting with sensor input the
processing is initially carried out in separate pathways using di erent schemes of image seg-
mentation. Subsequently, a hybrid technique for 2D-object recognition is employed. The nal
model based 3D-reconstruction yields a 3D-scene representation. Intermediate results are linked
over time in memory moduls to enhance e ciency of processing on image sequences. Results
of the individual moduls will be presented and discussed.

Towards an Image Understanding Architecture for a Situated Artificial Communicator

In diesem Artikel wird ein bildbasierter Ansatz zur Analyse von Konstruktionshandlungen vorgestellt. Die mit den Handen durchgefuhrten Objektmanipulationen sind das Nehmen und Ablegen von Bauteilen sowie die Herstellung von Verbindungen. Eine Vor Verarbeitung ermittelt durch Einsatz von Farb- und Bewegungsinformation Handhypothesen im Bild, die mit Kaimanfiltern verfolgt werden. Eine Analyse der Trajektorien ermoglicht die Bestimmung der Handregionen, deren Bewegungsmuster fur die Handlungsklassifikation mit dem Condensation-Algorithmus verwendet werden. Dabei konnen mehrere Aktionshypothesen gleichzeitig verfolgt sowie probabilistische Informationen uber Aktionsfolgen in den Klassifikationsprozes integriert werden.

Erkennung von Konstruktionshandlungen aus Bildfolgen

Aufgrund der Hardware-Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre werden wissensbasierte Bildanalysesysteme zunehmend auch fur industrielle Anwendungen interessant. Im folgenden Artikel wird ein Systemrahmen fur derartige Anwendungen vorgestellt, der auch eine Wissensakquisitionskomponente auf CAD-Daten basierend umfast.

Gerhard Sagerer

Papers

Integrated Recognition and Interpretation of Speech for a Construction Task Domain

Incremental generation of word graphs

Towards an Image Understanding Architecture for a Situated Artificial Communicator

Erkennung von Konstruktionshandlungen aus Bildfolgen

Werkzeuge zur Modellgesteuerten Bildanalyse und Wissensakquisition