Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

The analysis of medical images has been woven into the fabric of the pattern analysis and machine intelligence (PAMI) community since the earliest days of these Transactions. Initially, the efforts in this area were seen as applying pattern analysis and computer vision techniques to another interesting dataset. However, over the last two to three decades, the unique nature of the problems presented within this area of study have led to the development of a new discipline in its own right. Examples of these include: the types of image information that are acquired, the fully three-dimensional image data, the nonrigid nature of object motion and deformation, and the statistical variation of both the underlying normal and abnormal ground truth. In this paper, we look at progress in the field over the last 20 years and suggest some of the challenges that remain for the years to come.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00615100/document

Medical image analysis: progress over two decades and the challenges ahead

From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

語用論(Pragmatics)を考える

I read this book the same weekend that the Packers took on the Rams, and the experience of the latter event, obviously, colored my judgment. Although I abhor anything that smacks of being a handbook (like, \"How to Earn a Merit Badge in Neurosurgery\") because too many volumes in biomedical science already evince a boyscout-like approach, I must confess that parts of this volume are fast, scholarly, and significant, with certain reservations. I like parts of this well-illustrated book because Dr. Sj6strand, without so stating, develops certain subjects on technique in relation to the acquisition of judgment and sophistication. And this is important! So, given that the author (like all of us) is somewhat deficient in some areas, and biased in others, the book is still valuable if the uninitiated reader swallows it in a general fashion, realizing full well that what will be required from the reader is a modulation to fit his vision, propreception, adaptation and response, and the kind of problem he is undertaking. A major deficiency of this book is revealed by comparison of its use of physics and of chemistry to provide understanding and background for the application of high resolution electron microscopy to problems in biology. Since the volume is keyed to high resolution electron microscopy, which is a sophisticated form of structural analysis, but really morphology in a modern guise, the physical and mechanical background of The instrument and its ancillary tools are simply and well presented. The potential use of chemical or cytochemical information as it relates to biological fine structure , however, is quite deficient. I wonder when even sophisticated morphol-ogists will consider fixation a reaction and not a technique; only then will the fundamentals become self-evident and predictable and this sine qua flon will become less mystical. Staining reactions (the most inadequate chapter) ought to be something more than a technique to selectively enhance contrast of morphological elements; it ought to give the structural addresses of some of the chemical residents of cell components. Is it pertinent that auto-radiography gets singled out for more complete coverage than other significant aspects of cytochemistry by a high resolution microscopist, when it has a built-in minimal error of 1,000 A in standard practice? I don't mean to blind-side (in strict football terminology) Dr. Sj6strand's efforts for what is \"routinely used in our laboratory\"; what is done is usually well done. It's just that …

Methods in Enzymology.

An der Wurzelforschung besteht aufgrund der vielfaltigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Wurzelsystem und Boden ein groses Interesse. Fur aussagekraftige Untersuchungen ist die Analyse von grosen Bildmengen erforderlich. Die manuelle Auswertung ist zeitaufwendig und die Qualitat der Ergebnisse hangt sehr stark von der Erfahrung der auswertenden Person ab. Dieses fuhrt zu einer zunehmenden Automatisierung der Bildauswertung. Jedoch enthalten die Bilder komplexe und zufallig verzweigte Wurzelsysteme (s. Abb. 2). Die Detektion der Wurzelregionen ist besonders schwierig, da der Hintergrund sehr stark variiert und der Kontrast zwischen Boden und Wurzel oft sehr gering ist. Alle existierenden Verfahren zur automatischen Auswertung dieser Bilder sind regionenbasierte Ansatze, die davon ausgehen, das die Grauwerte des Wurzelsystems sich gut von den Grauwerten des Hintergrundes trennen lassen. Diese Annahme ist aber im allgemeinen nicht erfullt. Aus diesem Grund verfolgen wir in dieser Arbeit einen konturorientierten Ansatz. Nach der Detektion von signifikanten Wurzelbereichen, erweitern wir diese mittels heuristischer Suche zur optimalen Kontur. Die Basis des Verfahrens bildet der A—Algorithmus. Bei der Suche wird die parallele Struktur der Wurzel ausgenutzt, d.h. die Informationen der rechten und der linken Kontur fliesen gemeinsam in die Bewertung ein.

Automatische Detektion von Wurzelsystemen in Minirhizotron-Bildern

In this paper we present a hybrid approach for the identification of objects in a scene from spoken verbal descriptions. An integrated knowledge base realized by a semantic network is used to build conceptual descriptions of a scene observed by cameras as well as of an utterance possibly referring to one or more objects in that scene. The object identification problem is solved using Bayesian networks. The matrices for the nodes and links of the Bayesian networks are estimated from the results of psycholinguistic experiments with naive users.

A Hybrid Approach to Identifying Objects from Verbal Descriptions

Due to its noninvasive nature, nuclear imaging has become very important for the diagnosis of human heart diseases. In our research, we are concerned with scintigrams, i. e. images showing the radiation emitted by the blood pool after equal distribution of a radionuclide which has been injected into a peripheral vein of the patient. The two-dimensional intensity distribution on an image corresponds to the three-dimensional radiation distribution of the blood pool. In this way, the interior space of the heart, i.e. the heart cavities are visualized. For assessing the motility of the heart, a sequence of images triggered by ECG is taken, representing one cycle of the heart. Besides diagnosis, periodical supervision after heart surgeries is a major application of the analysis of scintigraphic image sequences.

A System for Diagnostic Evaluation of Scintigraphic Image Sequences

Memorizing Visual Knowledge for Assembly Process Monitoring

In this paper we present an object recognition framework integrating several recognition paradigms and context information from the scene history to recognize elementary parts contained in assemblies. We use a symbolic approach to detect actions based on the object changes in the scene to monitor the construction process. The information about the elements used to construct a new assembly serves as additional source of information for recognition. Process knowledge is exploited also for selecting the best interpretation out of several alternatives for a single scene which result from contradictions and uncertainties during integration of the different cues.

Gerhard Sagerer

Papers

Automatische Detektion von Wurzelsystemen in Minirhizotron-Bildern

A Hybrid Approach to Identifying Objects from Verbal Descriptions

A System for Diagnostic Evaluation of Scintigraphic Image Sequences

Memorizing Visual Knowledge for Assembly Process Monitoring

Incorporating process knowledge into object recognition for assemblies