https://sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab/download/eeglab_jnm03.pdf

EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis.

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control.

A Distinction Sensitive Learning Vector Quantizer (DSLVQ), based on the LVQ3 algorithm, is introduced which automatically adjusts the influence of the input features according to their observed relevance for classification. DSLVQ is less sensitive to noisy features than standard LVQ and its importance adjustments are transparent and can be exploited for input data feature selection. As an example, the algorithm is applied to the classification of two artificial data sets: Breiman's (1984) waveform data and Kohonen's "hard" classification task. >

Distinction Sensitive Learning Vector Quantisation-a new noise-insensitive classification method

An mehreren Studenten wurden EEG-Daten von der occipitalen und zentralen Region mit Hilfe der Spektralparameterschatzung untersucht. Dabei wurde jede Sekunde die Mittenfrequenz, Bandbreite und mittlere Leistung innerhalb des Alpha-Bandes unter Verwendung eines autoregressiven Modells der Ordnung 7 aus 3 s-Segmenten geschatzt. Zusatzlich zum EEG wurde noch das EKG und die Atmung registriert. Aus dem EKG wurden die Herzschlagintervalle ausgemessen und auf langsame Rhythmen hin untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, das sich die einzelnen EEG-Parameter sowohl atemsynchron als auch synchron mit dem der Herzrate unterlagerten 6/min-Rhythmus andern konnen, wobei diese gemeinsamen Anderungen allerdings meist von nur kurzer Dauer sind und selten in Ableitungen von verschiedenen Regionen gleichzeitig auftreten. Zusatzlich dazu konnen sich die EEG-Parameter auch synchron mit einem Task andern, wobei die Art des Tasks und die Modalitat der verwendeten Reize eine Rolle spielen. Grundsatzlich hat es sich dabei gezeigt, das sich eine Reduktion der Leistung in Verbindung mit einer geringfugigen Erhohung der Mittenfrequenz im Skalp-EEG vorwiegend im Bereich derjenigen kortikalen Regionen objektivieren last, die gerade an der Verarbeitung von taskrelevanter Information beteiligt sind. Langsame Anderungen in den genannten Parametern konnen somit als Anderungen in der corticalen Erregbarkeit und Reaktionsbereitschaft interpretiert werden.

Ultralangsame Schwankungen innerhalb der rhythmischen Aktivität im Alpha-Band und deren mögliche Ursachen

The study reports on the possibility of classifying sleep stages in infants using an artificial neural network. The polygraphic data from 4 babies aged 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year recorded over 8 hours were available for classification. From each baby 22 signals were recorded, digitized and stored on an optical disc. Subsets of these signals and additional calculated parameters were used to obtain data vectors, each of which represents an interval of 30 sec. For classification, two types of neural networks were used, a Multilayer Perceptron and a Learning Vector Quantizer. The teaching input for both networks was provided by a human expert. For the 6 sleep classes in babies aged 6 months, a 65% to 80% rate of correct classification (4 babies) was obtained for the testing data not previously seen.

Sleep classification in infants based on artificial neural networks.

Study Objectives: Primary or idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder of unknown neurophysiologic origin. Setting and Patients: Ten patients with RLS and 10 healthy control subjects were investigated. Postmovement beta oscillations (event-related synchronization, ERS) induced by movement of the right index finger were measured by electroencephalography and analyzed. Results: We found differences between patients and controls for ERS values at electrode positions C3 and Cz. At C3, the lower beta band ERS (14-20 Hz) in the RLS group was 101.2% compared with 27.5% in the control group (P <.05); in the upper beta band, (20-32 Hz) the findings were 97.8% and 29.0%, respectively, for the RLS and control groups (P <.01). At electrode Cz, no significant difference could be found in the lower beta band, but, for the upper beta band, patients showed significantly higher values than did the healthy control subjects (68.5% vs 25.6%, P <.05). Conclusions: We interpret these findings as a higher need for motor-cortical inhibition in RLS patients due to an increased level of excitation by motor-cortex activation and input from neighboring functionally interrelated cortical areas (hand and foot region). These results reveal new potentially important findings of the neurophysiologic and pathophysiologic origin of primary RLS.

/pdf/restless-legs-syndrome-changes-of-induced-3wui8ggky7.pdf

Restless legs syndrome: changes of induced electroencephalographic beta oscillations-an ERD/ERS study.

Sensorimotor EEG rhythms are affected by motor imagery and can, therefore, be used as input signals for an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI). Satisfactory classification rates of imagery-related EEG patterns can be activated when multiple EEG recordings and the method of common spatial patterns is used for parameter estimation. Data from 3 BCI experiments with and without feedback are reported.

Gert Pfurtscheller

Papers

Distinction Sensitive Learning Vector Quantisation-a new noise-insensitive classification method

Ultralangsame Schwankungen innerhalb der rhythmischen Aktivität im Alpha-Band und deren mögliche Ursachen

Sleep classification in infants based on artificial neural networks.

Restless legs syndrome: changes of induced electroencephalographic beta oscillations-an ERD/ERS study.

EEG-based brain-computer interface using subject-specific spatial filters