Giovanni B. Pajno

TL;DR: In general, broad evidence for the clinical efficacy of AIT for AR exists but a product‐specific evaluation of evidence is recommended, and SCIT and SLIT are recommended for both seasonal and perennial AR for its short‐term benefit.

TL;DR: Patients and their families should be provided with information about the use of FA‐AIT for IgE‐mediated food allergy to allow them to make an informed decision about the therapy.

TL;DR: It is recommended that a 3‐year course of subcutaneous or sublingual AIT can be recommended for children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe allergic rhinitis to prevent asthma for up to 2 years post‐AIT in addition to its sustained effect on AR symptoms and medication.

TL;DR: A growing body of evidence shows that oral immunotherapy represents a promising treatment option in children with persistent IgE- mediated food allergy and the efficacy of AIT is under investigation also in patients with extrinsic atopic dermatitis, currently with controversial results.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to shed light on the main needs in OIT that are currently unmet in order to stimulate in the near future the development of longitudinal, prospective, well-designed studies with the final goal of a “precision medicine”, tailored on each single patient suffering from FA.