Showing papers by "Gyanendra Singh published in 2020"

Genome-Wide Association Studies in Diverse Spring Wheat Panel for Stripe, Stem, and Leaf Rust Resistance.

Abstract: Among several important wheat foliar diseases, Stripe rust (YR), Leaf rust (LR), and Stem rust (SR) have always been an issue of concern to the farmers and wheat breeders. Evolution of virulent pathotypes of these rusts has posed frequent threats to an epidemic. Pyramiding rust-resistant genes are the most economical and environment-friendly approach in postponing this inevitable threat. To achieve durable long term resistance against the three rusts, an attempt in this study was made searching for novel sources of resistant alleles in a panel of 483 spring wheat genotypes. This is a unique and comprehensive study where evaluation of a diverse panel comprising wheat germplasm from various categories and adapted to different wheat agro-climatic zones was challenged with 18 pathotypes of the three rusts with simultaneous screening in field conditions. The panel was genotyped using 35K SNP array and evaluated for each rust at two locations for two consecutive crop seasons. High heritability estimates of disease response were observed between environments for each rust type. A significant effect of population structure in the panel was visible in the disease response. Using a compressed mixed linear model approach, 25 genomic regions were found associated with resistance for at least two rusts. Out of these, seven were associated with all the three rusts on chromosome groups 1 and 6 along with 2B. For resistance against YR, LR, and SR, there were 16, 18, and 27 QTL (quantitative trait loci) identified respectively, associated at least in two out of four environments. Several of these regions got annotated with resistance associated genes viz. NB-LRR, E3-ubiquitin protein ligase, ABC transporter protein, etc. Alien introgressed (on 1B and 3D) and pleiotropic (on 7D) resistance genes were captured in seedling and adult plant disease responses, respectively. The present study demonstrates the use of genome-wide association for identification of a large number of favorable alleles for leaf, stripe, and stem rust resistance for broadening the genetic base. Quick conversion of these QTL into user-friendly markers will accelerate the deployment of these resistance loci in wheat breeding programs.

Identification of Wheat Cultivars for Low Nitrogen Tolerance Using Multivariable Screening Approaches

Abstract: A set of thirty-six wheat cultivars were grown for two consecutive years under low and high nitrogen conditions. The interactions of cultivars with different environmental factors were shown to be highly significant for most of the studied traits, suggesting the presence of wider genetic variability which may be utilized for the genetic improvement of desired trait(s). Three cultivars, i.e., RAJ 4037, DBW 39 and GW 322, were selected based on three selection indices, i.e., tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI), and yield stability index (YSI), while two cultivars, HD 2967 and MACS 6478, were selected based on all four selection indices which were common in both of the study years. According to Kendall’s concordance coefficient, the consistency of geometric mean productivity (GMP) was found to be highest (0.778), followed by YSI (0.556), SSI (0.472), and TOL (0.200). Due to the high consistency of GMP followed by YSI and SSI, the three selection indices could be utilized as a selection tool in the identification of high-yielding genotypes under low nitrogen conditions. The GMP and YSI selection indices had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield, whereas TOL and SSI exhibited a significant but negative correlation with grain yield under both high and low nitrogen conditions in both years. The common tolerant genotypes identified through different selection indices could be utilized as potential donors in active breeding programs to incorporate the low nitrogen tolerant genes to develop high-yielding wheat varieties for low nitrogen conditions. The study also helps in understanding the physiological basis of tolerance in high-yielding wheat genotypes under low nitrogen conditions.

Identification and characterization of multiple abiotic stress tolerance genes in wheat

Abstract: Wheat is produced worldwide over six continents with the European Union, China, India, Russia, and the United States as major producer countries. The productivity was recorded 749 million tons by harvesting from 220-million-hectare land. It is the need of the hour to develop stress-tolerant wheat varieties to enhance the productivity by 60% to provide food security to 9.6 billion-world population by 2050. Although the genotypes have been identified for heat, drought and salt tolerance, their underlying mechanism for tolerance is poorly understood. The detailed understanding of the mechanism and identification of critical factors participating in multiple abiotic stress tolerance is essential. In the present study, the contrasting wheat genotypes were intensely characterized and assessed for the expression of different stress responsive genes under lab conditions. The expression analysis revealed that SHN1, DREB6, NHX2 and AVP1 were found to be highly induced under heat, salt and drought stresses in wheat. Thus, these genes can be used as signature genes to identify the multiple stress-tolerant varieties in the breeding program. The novel variants of these genes can be targeted through breeding or genetic engineering or genome editing strategies to develop multiple abiotic stress tolerant wheat varieties.

Impact of high night temperature stress on different growth stages of wheat

Abstract: Increasing temperature especially the High night temperature (HNT) is a major constriction for sustaining global food production under changing climate scenario. Recent climate change has resulted into events of abrupt night temperature rise either throughout the crop period or at specific growth stage. Historical temperature observations and model projections have predicted a more pronounced increase in night temperature [minimum temperature (Tmin.)] compared to that of day temperatures [maximum temperature (Tmax.)]. Hence, the present study was carried out to identify the most critical growth stage affected by HNT and their effects on physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat. A unique field-based movable temperature controlling system was designed to enhance the night temperature by 5 °C than ambient temperature. The three critical phenological stages of wheat i.e. at GS 15 (before tillering initiation), GS 45 (booting) and GS 75 (grain filling) of Zadok’s scale were separately subjected to HNT treatment. The results reveals that GS 75 (grain filling) was the most sensitive stage affected by HNT, which has recorded remarkable reduction in grain yield (GY), Harvest Index (HI), Thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain weight per spike (GWPS) compared to control treatment. Pearson correlation analysis showed that breeders can choose lines with higher TGW, GWPS and grain number per spike (GNPS) for obtaining better GY under HNT conditions and vegetative/booting stage HNT in field condition may not attribute for any significant yield loss.

Screening of Genotypes to Identify the Resistance Source against Major Diseases of Soybean under High Disease Pressure Conditions

Abstract: Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is known for its high protein and oil content and grows across the world as most important oilseed crops in world. Soybean is cultivated as a kharif season crop in India and during 201617, it has occupied 10.97 million ha area with total production of 10.99 million tons whereas the productivity stand of 1002 kg/ha in the country. Among states, Madhya Pradesh is still ranked first in area as well as in production and covers of 54.01 lakh ha area with the average productivity of 1020 kg/ha and total production of 55.06 lakh ton during the same year of 2016-17 (Anonymous, 2018). In recent year, soybean production and the area coverage under cultivation in different district of M.P. has declined due regular occurring of abiotic and biotic International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Management of Hypertension with Conventional and Herbals Drugs

Abstract: In this article, we have discussed about Types (primary, secondary, isolated, white coat, malignant, resistant and pulmonary hypertension), classification, adverse drug reactions of antihypertensive drugs (beta-blocker induce psoriasis and calcium channel blocker cause peripheral oedema. ACE inhibitor produce ankle oedema and thiazide diuretics causes hypenatremia and also hyperglycaemia. These are some of the serious adverse drug reactions associated with patients who are being treated with these drugs), measurement, management, diagnosis and associated diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease) lastly concluded about the herbal approach for management of hypertension . Keywords: Hypertension, conventional drugs, Herbal drugs

Stochastic and deterministic mathematical modeling and simulation to evaluate the novel COVID-19 pandemic control measures

Abstract: Background: In India, the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic has grown to 17,00000 cases and around 38,000 deaths up to 30th July, 2020. The impacts of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in India were studied using modified age-structured stochastic and deterministic mathematical models. Methods: A compartmental susceptible (S)-infected (symptomatic) (IS) infected (asymptomatic) (IN) recovered (R) i.e., SISINR model is developed, in which the flow of individuals through compartments is modeled using a set of differential equations. The outbreak of the novel COVID-19 pandemic is critically evaluated from all major angles using base, education, vaccination and education and vaccination models based on the modified SISINR transmission network model for their simulations in MATLAB and peak of infected cases (both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases) as well as end of pandemic is predicted in each case. Result: The numerical investigations are done for both stochastic and deterministic studies using the modified SISINR transmission network model for effective prediction about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in India. The progress of the novel COVID-19 pandemic in India is estimated for various scenarios by varying the basic reproduction numbers from mean to extremes (general assumptions and strategies are inculcated through contact tracing based on the values of contact ratio operated for the basic reproduction numbers, 'R0'). The efficacy and potential of the education programs and vaccination programs were established with the published datasets through a validation studies. Furthermore, the outbreak of the novel COVID-19 pandemic is predicted for majorly affected cities in India on the basis of different reproduction numbers 'R0'. Conclusion: The report presented herewith could be referred to revise the government policies to (a) implement mitigatory measures such as the practice of social distancing, partial city lockdown across the nation, etc., (b) implement a 100% daily number of tests to the susceptible population of the nation, (c) improve hospital facilities and the novel COVID-19 wards, (d) improve the recovery rate with the effective implementation of base, education, vaccination and education and vaccination model to attain the equilibrium stage of pandemic at the earliest and (e) meet the objective of preventing the outbreak of the novel COVID-19 pandemic through the effective implementation of control and prevention strategies across the nation.

Ante-partum Body Condition Score and Non-genetic Factors Influencing the Post-partum Fertility in Murrah Buffaloes

Abstract: India is the first country in the world for number of buffaloes, with a population of 109.85 million contributing around 20.45% to the total livestock population in India and accounting for about 49% of total milk production in the country (BAHS 2019). Much higher production average in Indigenous buffalo (6.19 kg/day/animal) than that of indigenous cattle (3.73 kg/day/animal) with its unique feed conversion efficiency and adaptation expresses its importance as dairy animal in the country (BAHS 2019). Additionally, buffaloes contribute significantly towards meat production, draft power, manure production and fuel. Murrah is one of the superior breeds of Indian buffaloes and are found nationwide due to their higher milk production potential coupled with adaptation to wide environmental conditions and feed conversion efficiency. Major problems of buffalo production in India include environmental stress, low animal genetic potential, questionable breeding policies, insufficient nutrient supply and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Giant Occipital Encephalocele - Challenges in Management.

Abstract: Introduction: Giant occipital encephalocele (GOE) is a term used when the size of the OE is greater than or equal to the size of the head. It has been limited to case reports, with only sporadic exclusive series. This is a series of GOE managed at our center over time with emphasis on practical problems faced in management. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. The patients were evaluated for the age of presentation, sex, and head size. Any associated neural tube defect was also looked for. Imaging was used for associated brain anomalies and to plan the surgical procedure. The requirement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was also assessed. Results: During the study period of 7 years, 11 patients of GOE were admitted. Apart from one, all other patients were Conclusion: GOE is an uncommon entity with limited information about management. Careful evaluation, proper imaging of patient, and care during intraoperative and postoperative periods with emphasis of factors determining the prognosis may provide satisfactory results.

Appraisal of Thermo-adaptability among Tharparkar and Crossbred Cattle Calves

Abstract: The climate change is pertinent and its impact on the animal and human population is tremendous, directly threatens food security of all living beings. The decreased availability of forages, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in domestic animals and the increased ingestion three times will be the major impacts of climate change (RojasDowning et al., 2017). The production parameters like milk and meat productivity have been adversely affected by the extreme climate scenario. The adverse effect of increased temperature on milk production (Henry et al., 2012; Nardone et al., 2010; Thornton et al., 2009) has been scaled about 15 million tonnes by 2050 (Venkateswarlu, and Rao, 2013).

Can crop phenology and plant height be channelized to improvise wheat productivity in diverse production environments

Abstract: Non-grain parameters like height, flowering and maturity should also be tried to break yield plateau in wheat. This study explores such possibilities by analysing performance of released and pre-released varieties evaluated in ten diverse production environments of India during the period 2000-2020. Regression analysis supports relevance of such non-grain determinants in grain yield under every environment but magnitude of impact can vary. Collective contribution of non-grain parameters can be high in a production environment where growth condition is most favourable for wheat growth and every factor is important in such situations. They contribute less in the environments engrossed with abiotic stress and merely one or two factors can be earmarked for selection. Besides yield, this selection strategy can also enhance grain weight in certain environments. At a time when selection for grain attributes is not providing further push; it would be worth trying to explore these non-grain field indicators as selection strategy for further advancement in productivity and grain weight of bread wheat.

DBW222 (Karan Narendra): a new high-yielding, lodging-tolerant wheat variety for north western plains of India.

Abstract: DBW222 is characterized by potential yield of 8210 kg ha-1 under high fertility when sown in timely conditions in North India. It possesses better agronomic attributes and has better adaption to sowing time, high rust resistance, quality attributes, and lodging tolerance because of a shorter 2nd internode and wider diameter.

Oral Propranolol in the Treatment of Ulcerated Bleeding Scrotal Arteriovenous Malformation.

Abstract: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the scrotum are very rare, with only 35 adult cases in the literature. An 8-year-old boy presented with an ulcerated bleeding AVM of the scrotum. The patient was resuscitated and managed conservatively initially. After the control of bleeding, oral propranolol was started. There was a decrease in the size of scrotal and penile swelling, healing of ulcer with total healing by 1 month, and no recurrence of bleeding episode. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first case of pediatric scrotal AVM treated by oral propranolol.

Study of Thoracoscopic Repair of Diaphragmatic Eventration in Children: A Case Series.

Abstract: Background: To present a case series of children with eventration of diaphragm who underwent thoracoscopic repair highlighting the technical points and surgical modifications to prevent a recurrenc...

Eggshell Calcification in a Case of Longstanding Hydrocele

Abstract: An 80-year-old man was being evaluated for voiding luts with haematuria. On physical examination, he was found to have grossly enlarged right testis which was stony hard on palpation with normal left testis ([figure 1][1]). On radiological evaluation, he was found to have grossly enlarged right

Overview of novel coronavirus in Punjab

Abstract: From December 2019 Covid -191 has been spreading throughout the world wide, reached in Punjab2 by travelling of people from internationally to national site on 9 March 2020 as first positive report with initial symptoms. The effected patient has observed with high fever, cough, and difficulty breathing (severe cases) symptoms.2 The data has been obtained from the Covid -19 Punjab website. More than 12 districts have been affected by this novel corona virus represent by pie graph as Figure 2. Punjab government is doing many efforts to tackle with this condition.

Role of Bishop–Koop Procedure for Jejunal and Proximal Ileal Atresia

Abstract: Background: This study was undertaken to review the Bishop–Koop procedure as a treatment option with a grossly dilated proximal segment in jejunal and proximal ileal atresia. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2012 to June 2018 in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. The outcome, complication rate, and the follow-up study for postoperative adverse outcomes were assessed. Results: Thirty-two neonates underwent Bishop–Koop procedure. The mean age at presentation was 4.37  2.3 days. The male (n=22) to female (n=10) ratio was 2.2:1. Sixteeen had jejunal (type II-9, type III- 7), and 16 (type II-6, type III-10) had proximal ileal atresia. The mean duration of the hospital stay was 13.03  5.7 days. Oral feeds were initiated by the 7th postoperative day. In our study, the complication rate was 31.25% (n=10) and mortality rate was 37.5% (n=12). Conclusions: Bishop–Koop procedure appears to be a technically efficient method in desperate cases of jejunoileal atresia with a grossly dilated proximal segment, although more extensive studies may be needed to compare Bishop–Koop procedure and other operation techniques.

Isolated left lung bronchiectasis: a rare presentation of H type tracheoesophageal fistula

Abstract: H type tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a very uncommon congenital entity. Diagnosis of these cases are usually delayed and cases are treated as respiratory tract infections. We here reporting a four years old girl, presented to us with recurrent respiratory tract infection. On examination of baby decreased chest movement, and on auscultation of chest there was decreased breath sounds on left side was found. Chest X rays suggest esophagus was grossly dilated, and air filled. Contrast esophagogram suggestive of H type tracheoesophageal fistula and bronchiectasis changes on left lung. Contrast Enhanced Computer Tomography suggest bronchiectasis changes on left lung. The diagnosis of H type tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) was made by rigid bronchoscopy. Successful surgical repair of H type TEF required right thoracotomy approach as fistula was quite low laying. Tracheo-bronchoscopy (especially rigid) is an important investigation due to the better visualization, in doubtful cases and to locate the exact location of fistula. H type TEF above T2 should be approached through cervical approach whereas lower fistula should be always approached by right posterolateral thoracotomy. Low laying fistula is extremely rare finding along with bronchiectasis changes in left lung. Therefore, this case report describes a rare case and review of literature.

Evaluation of non-rhizospheric endophytic bacteria for the management of dry root rot of chickpea

Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop in India and chief source of dietary protein in the vegetarian diet. The important Destructive disease in chickpea is dry root rot caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler emerging as a serious threat to the production worldwide. The screening of endophytes of leaf and stem isolates under dual culture used as two media PDA and TSA. The 12 isolates are significant on but three isolates are EBS-2, EBS-3, EBS-4 higher suppression towards on Rhizoctonia bataticola. These three isolates used as further methods that roll towel method (vitro) and net house (Pot Cultivation). The roll towel observations to be recorded as Germination percentage, Root, shoot lengths and vigour index. The EBL-3 and EBL-4 with highest germination percentage, Root length were EBL-2, 3 and shoot length, vigour index of EBL-3 highest percentage. The effect of EB on Rhizoctonia bataticola under pot culture observations were recorded that phenological parameters are Germination percentage, Pre-Post, Total mortality, Shoot, Root lengths and Fresh dry weights with different cohabitation on disease incidence. The cohabitation of T8EBL (2+3+4) T7EBL (4+2) are significant on four genotypes JG14, JG16, JG62 and JG315 with inoculation of pathogen. The EBL-3 isolate is that significant correlates in field and lab conditions.