There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

https://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~damlacetin/kmu407/index_dosyalar/4.%20makale.pdf

Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials

Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations.

Lithium (Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1), low density (0.59 g cm−3) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the emergence of post-Li-ion batteries, safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li–air batteries, Li–S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this paper, various factors that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li metal anodes have been analyzed. Technologies utilized to characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results obtained by modelling of Li dendrite growth have also been reviewed. Finally, recent development and urgent need in this field are discussed.

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries

Biodegradable poly(organophosphazenes) containing side chains of various oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ethers (mPEGs) and glycine ethyl ester units were synthesized and characterized. Novel supramolecular-structured hydrogel systems based on the inclusion complex between the mPEG grafted polyphosphazenes and α-cyclodextrin were prepared in aqueous media. The gelation time depended on the length of the mPEG side chains, the molar ratio between mPEG repeat units and α-cyclodextrin, and the concentration of the polymeric gel precursors. The rheological measurements of the supramolecular hydrogels indicate a fast gelation process and flowable character under a large strain. The hydrogel systems demonstrate unique structure-related reversible gel–sol transition properties at a certain temperature due to the reversible supramolecular assembly. The formation of a channel-type inclusion complex induced gelation mechanism was studied by DSC, TGA, 13C CP/MAS NMR, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The strong potenti...

Injectable and Biodegradable Supramolecular Hydrogels by Inclusion Complexation between Poly(organophosphazenes) and α-Cyclodextrin

The synthesis of polyphosphazene-co-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers with well-defined molecular weights has been accomplished via end-functionalized polymer intermediates. Mono- and diamine-terminated poly(ethylene oxides) (PEO = (CH2CH2O)n−CH2CH2−) were used to produce polymer-based phosphoranimines, CH3O−(CH2CH2O)n−CH2CH2−NH(CF3CH2O)2PNSiMe3 and Me3SiNP(OCH2CF3)NH−(CH2CH2O)n−CH2CH2−NH(CF3CH2O)2PNSiMe3. These were then converted to macroinitiators via reaction with PCl5 to produce CH3O−PEO−NH[(CF3CH2O)2PNPCl3]+[PCl6]- and [Cl3PNP(OCH2CF3)NH−PEO−NH[(CF3CH2O)2PNPCl3]2+[PCl6]2-, respectively. These macroinitiators were used to polymerize Cl3PNSiMe3 in a living manner to produce diblock copolymers of polyphosphazenes with poly(ethylene oxide) or triblock copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) blocks flanked by polyphosphazene components. In addition, the monophosphoranimine-terminated PEO was employed as a terminator in the living, cationic polymerization of Cl3PNSiMe3 to produce triblock copolymers with...

Poly(phosphazene−ethylene oxide) Di- and Triblock Copolymers as Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Poly[bis-(ethylglycolato)phosphazene], poly[bis(ethyl lactato)phosphazene], poly[bi(benzylglycolato)phosphazene], and poly[bis(benzyl lactato)phosphazene] were synthesized. The benzyl esters of glycolic and lactic acid were prepared by the base-catalyzed transterification of their ethyl esters with benzyl alcohol at 90°C. Poly(dichlorophosphazene) was treated with a large excess of the appropriate sodium acid ester at 50°C to yield the fully-substituted polymer. The hydrolytic decomposition profiles of these polymers in aqueous media were monitored by NMR

Harry R. Allcock

Papers

Injectable and Biodegradable Supramolecular Hydrogels by Inclusion Complexation between Poly(organophosphazenes) and α-Cyclodextrin

Poly(phosphazene−ethylene oxide) Di- and Triblock Copolymers as Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Synthesis of poly(orgnaophosphazenes) with glycolic acid ester and lactic acid ester side groups: prototypes for new bioerodible polymers

Glyceryl Polyphosphazenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Hydrolysis

Evaluation of methanol crossover in proton-conducting polyphosphazene membranes