There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

https://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~damlacetin/kmu407/index_dosyalar/4.%20makale.pdf

Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials

Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations.

Lithium (Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1), low density (0.59 g cm−3) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the emergence of post-Li-ion batteries, safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li–air batteries, Li–S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this paper, various factors that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li metal anodes have been analyzed. Technologies utilized to characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results obtained by modelling of Li dendrite growth have also been reviewed. Finally, recent development and urgent need in this field are discussed.

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries

Co-subsituted linear polyphosphazene polymers that useful in gel polymer electrolytes having an ion conductivity at room temperature of at least about 10 −5 S/cm and comprising (i) a polyphosphazene having controlled ratios of side chains that promote ionic conductivity and hydrophobic, non-conductive side chains that promote mechanical stability, (ii) a small molecule additive, such as propylene carbonate, that influences the ionic conductivity and physical properties of the gel polymer electrolytes, and (iii) a metal salt, such as lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, that influences the ionic conductivity of the gel polymer electrolytes, and methods of preparing the polyphosphazene polymers and the gel polymer electrolytes are disclosed

Polyphosphazenes as gel polymer electrolytes

The range of polyphosphazene-based elastomers has been expanded through the use of phenoxy or oligo-p-phenyleneoxy minor cosubstituent side groups with majority 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy side groups. Specifically, polymers with both trifluoroethoxy and low ratios of phenoxy, p-phenylphenoxy, p-diphenylphenoxy, or p-triphenylphenoxy cosubstituents, can generate noncrystalline, noncovalently cross-linked elastomers. These are formed through the steric interactions of the oligo-p-phenyleneoxy side groups. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis of polymers containing p-diphenylphenoxy or p-triphenylphenoxy cosubstituents suggests that these macromolecules contain microdomains caused by the phase separation of the trifluoroethoxy and aryloxy groups, through stacking or agglomeration of the aryloxy units, and that those serve as noncovalent cross-linking points. Moreover, annealing of the polymers at elevated temperatures (150 °C) causes a decrease in the average spacing between the aryloxy aggregates and has...

Polyphosphazene Elastomers Containing Interdigitated Oligo-p-phenyleneoxy Side Groups: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and X-ray Scattering Studies

Poly(organophosphazenes) that bear Me 3 SiCH, side groups were prepared via the reaction of [(trimethysilyl)methyl]lithium with poly(phenylfluorophosphazene) ([NP(Ph)F(NPF 2 ) 2 ] n ). Fluorine replacement occurred under mild conditions to yield polymers that contained up to 70% of the side groups as alkasilyl units. Subsequent reaction with CF 3 CH 2 ONa gave air- and moisture-stable polymers with the basic stoichiometry of [NP(Ph) 0.34 (OCH 2 CF 3 ) 1.66-x (CH 2 SiMe 3 ) x ] n . Evidence was obtained that the organosilicon side groups are the sites of cross-linking reactions when the polymers are heated above 200°C

Harry R. Allcock

Papers

Polyphosphazenes as gel polymer electrolytes

Polyphosphazene Elastomers Containing Interdigitated Oligo-p-phenyleneoxy Side Groups: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and X-ray Scattering Studies

Synthesis and properties of high polymeric phosphazenes with (trimethylsilyl)methyl side groups

A Covalently Interconnected Phosphazene–Silicate Hybrid Network: Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogel Diffusion-Related Application†

Synthesis and structure of phosphazene-(eta 6-arene)chromium tricarbonyl derivatives