There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

https://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~damlacetin/kmu407/index_dosyalar/4.%20makale.pdf

Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials

Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations.

Lithium (Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1), low density (0.59 g cm−3) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the emergence of post-Li-ion batteries, safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li–air batteries, Li–S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this paper, various factors that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li metal anodes have been analyzed. Technologies utilized to characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results obtained by modelling of Li dendrite growth have also been reviewed. Finally, recent development and urgent need in this field are discussed.

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries

Polymer electrolytes derived from polynorbornenes with pendent cyclophosphazenes: poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) derivatives

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. XVII. Clathration by tris(2,3-naphthalenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene. X-ray crystal and molecular structure study

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. 31. Crystal and molecular structure of a platinum-cyclophosphazene complex: cis-dichloro[octa(methylamino)cyclotetraphosphazene-N,N'']platinum(II)

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers that contained hydrophilic poly[bis(potassium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] segments and hydrophobic polystyrene sections were synthesized via the controlled cationic polymerization of Cl3PNSiMe3 with a polystyrenyl–phosphoranimine as a macromolecular terminator. These block copolymers self-associated in aqueous media to form micellar structures which were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The size and shape of the micelles were not affected by the introduction of different monovalent cations (Li+, K+, Na+, and Cs+) into the stable micellar solutions. However, exposure to divalent cations induced intermicellar crosslinking through carboxylate groups, which caused precipitation of the ionically crosslinked aggregates from solution. This micelle-coupling behavior was reversible: the subsequent addition of monovalent cations caused the redispersion of the polystyrene-block-poly[bis(potassium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PS–KPCPP) block copolymers into a stable micellar solution. Aqueous micellar solutions of PS–KPCPP copolymers also showed pH-dependent behavior. These attributes make PS–KPCPP block copolymers suitable for studies of guest retention and release in response to ion charge and pH. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2912–2920, 2005

Environmentally responsive micelles from polystyrene–poly[bis(potassium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] block copolymers

The dipeptides alanyl-glycine ethyl ester, valinyl-glycine ethyl ester, and phenylalanyl-glycine ethyl ester were synthesized by mixed anhydride solution-phase peptide reactions. The free N-terminus was used as a reactive site for nucleophilic replacement of the chlorine atoms in poly(dichlorophosphazene). The C-terminus was protected with an ethyl ester to prevent side reactions and cross-linking. The alanyl-glycine ethyl ester replaced all the chlorine atoms in poly(dichlorophosphazene). However, replacement of all the chlorine atoms in poly(dichlorophosphazene) by valinyl-glycine ethyl ester or phenylalanyl-glycine ethyl ester polyphosphazenes was prevented by the insolubility of the partially substituted intermediates. To circumvent this problem, cosubstitution was carried out using the valinyl- or phenylalanyl esters with glycine ethyl ester or alanine ethyl ester in a 1:1 ratio. Cosubstituted polyphosphazenes with alanyl glycine ethyl ester and glycine ethyl ester or alanine ethyl ester were also sy...

Harry R. Allcock

Papers

Polymer electrolytes derived from polynorbornenes with pendent cyclophosphazenes: poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) derivatives

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. XVII. Clathration by tris(2,3-naphthalenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene. X-ray crystal and molecular structure study

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. 31. Crystal and molecular structure of a platinum-cyclophosphazene complex: cis-dichloro[octa(methylamino)cyclotetraphosphazene-N,N'']platinum(II)

Environmentally responsive micelles from polystyrene–poly[bis(potassium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] block copolymers

Polyphosphazenes That Contain Dipeptide Side Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, and Sensitivity to Hydrolysis