There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

https://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~damlacetin/kmu407/index_dosyalar/4.%20makale.pdf

Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials

Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations.

Lithium (Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1), low density (0.59 g cm−3) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the emergence of post-Li-ion batteries, safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li–air batteries, Li–S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this paper, various factors that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li metal anodes have been analyzed. Technologies utilized to characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results obtained by modelling of Li dendrite growth have also been reviewed. Finally, recent development and urgent need in this field are discussed.

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries

Two new cyclotriphosphazene ligands with pendant 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (Terpy) moieties, namely, (pentaphenoxy){4-[2,6-bis(2-pyridyl)]pyridoxy}cyclotriphosphazene (L1), (pentaphenoxy){4-[2,6-terpyridin-4-yl]phenoxy}cyclotriphosphazene (L2), and their respective polymeric analogues, L1P and L2P, were synthesized. These ligands were used to form iron(II) complexes with an FeIITerpy2 core. Variable-temperature resonance Raman, UV–visible, and Mossbauer spectroscopies with magnetic measurements aided by density functional theory calculations were used to understand the physical characteristics of the complexes. By a comparison of measurements, the polymers were shown to behave in the same way as the cyclotriphosphazene analogues. The results showed that spin crossover (SCO) can be induced to start at high temperatures by extending the spacer length of the ligand to that in L2 and L2P; this combination provides a route to forming a malleable SCO material.

Toward an iron(II) spin-crossover grafted phosphazene polymer.

The inclusion and 60 Co γ-ray initiated polymerization of olefinic and acrylic monomers within the 10 A clathrate-tunnels formed by tris(2,3-naphthylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene is described. Methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, isoprene, dimethylbutadiene, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile monomers were included by direct contact imbibition. The resultant polymers were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular weights were estimated by gel permeation chromatography and solution viscometry. The results are explained in terms of the host/guest relationship and structure. Comparisons are made where appropriate to similar polymers synthesized previously within the 5 A tunnel of tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene

Inclusion Polymerization within a Tris(2,3-naphthylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene Clathrate

The inclusion and 60 Co γ-ray-initiated polymerization of vinylic and acrylic monomers within the clathrate tunnels formed by tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene is described. Methacrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, butylacrylate, hexyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, and vinylanisole monomers were included by direct contact imhibition. Varying degrees of stereoregularity were obtained from the inclusion polymerization of the monomers listed above. For example, poly(methacrylonitrile) synthesized within the host adduct showed an enhanced isotactic microstructure

Stereocontrolled Polymerization within a Cyclophosphazene Clathrate Tunnel System

Conformational Analysis of Poly(dihalophosphazenes)

A number of amphiphilic diblock copolymers based on poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] (TFE) as the hydrophobic block and poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) as the hydrophilic block were developed. The TFE block was synthesized first by the controlled living cationic polymerization of a phosphoranimine, followed by replacement of all the chlorine atoms using sodium trifluoroethoxide. To allow for the growth of the PDMAEMA block, 3-azidopropyl-2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate, an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator, was grafted onto the end-cap of the TFE block via the “click” reaction followed by the ATRP of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Once synthesized, micelles were formed by a standard method, and their characteristics were examined using fluorescence techniques, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The critical micelle concentrations of the diblock copolymers as determined by fluorescence techniques using pyrene as a hydrophobic...

Harry R. Allcock

Papers

Toward an iron(II) spin-crossover grafted phosphazene polymer.

Inclusion Polymerization within a Tris(2,3-naphthylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene Clathrate

Stereocontrolled Polymerization within a Cyclophosphazene Clathrate Tunnel System

Conformational Analysis of Poly(dihalophosphazenes)

Synthesis and Micellar Behavior of Novel Amphiphilic Poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene]-co-poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] Block Copolymers