There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

The increasing volume of data in modern business and science calls for more complex and sophisticated tools. Although advances in data mining technology have made extensive data collection much easier, it's still always evolving and there is a constant need for new techniques and tools that can help us transform this data into useful information and knowledge. Since the previous edition's publication, great advances have been made in the field of data mining. Not only does the third of edition of Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques continue the tradition of equipping you with an understanding and application of the theory and practice of discovering patterns hidden in large data sets, it also focuses on new, important topics in the field: data warehouses and data cube technology, mining stream, mining social networks, and mining spatial, multimedia and other complex data. Each chapter is a stand-alone guide to a critical topic, presenting proven algorithms and sound implementations ready to be used directly or with strategic modification against live data. This is the resource you need if you want to apply today's most powerful data mining techniques to meet real business challenges. * Presents dozens of algorithms and implementation examples, all in pseudo-code and suitable for use in real-world, large-scale data mining projects. * Addresses advanced topics such as mining object-relational databases, spatial databases, multimedia databases, time-series databases, text databases, the World Wide Web, and applications in several fields. *Provides a comprehensive, practical look at the concepts and techniques you need to get the most out of real business data

/pdf/data-mining-concepts-and-techniques-4dtvdfkvmi.pdf

Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques

New updated! The latest book from a very famous author finally comes out. Book of pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms, as an amazing reference becomes what you need to get. What's for is this book? Are you still thinking for what the book is? Well, this is what you probably will get. You should have made proper choices for your better life. Book, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.

Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms

Clustering is the unsupervised classification of patterns (observations, data items, or feature vectors) into groups (clusters). The clustering problem has been addressed in many contexts and by researchers in many disciplines; this reflects its broad appeal and usefulness as one of the steps in exploratory data analysis. However, clustering is a difficult problem combinatorially, and differences in assumptions and contexts in different communities has made the transfer of useful generic concepts and methodologies slow to occur. This paper presents an overview of pattern clustering methods from a statistical pattern recognition perspective, with a goal of providing useful advice and references to fundamental concepts accessible to the broad community of clustering practitioners. We present a taxonomy of clustering techniques, and identify cross-cutting themes and recent advances. We also describe some important applications of clustering algorithms such as image segmentation, object recognition, and information retrieval.

/pdf/data-clustering-a-review-4c452f5cab.pdf

Data clustering: a review

Data Mining - Concepts and Techniques.

Visual methods have been widely studied and used in data cluster analysis. Given a pairwise dissimilarity matrix D of a set of n objects, visual methods such as the VAT algorithm generally represent D as an n × n image I(D) where the objects are reordered to reveal hidden cluster structure as dark blocks along the diagonal of the image. A major limitation of such methods is their inability to highlight cluster structure when D contains highly complex clusters. This paper addresses this limitation by proposing a Spectral VAT algorithm, where D is mapped to D' in a graph embedding space and then reordered to D' using the VAT algorithm. A strategy for automatic determination of the number of clusters in I(D') is then proposed, as well as a visual method for cluster formation from I(D') based on the difference between diagonal blocks and off-diagonal blocks. A sampling-based extended scheme is also proposed to enable visual cluster analysis for large data sets. Extensive experimental results on several synthetic and real-world data sets validate our algorithms.

Enhanced Visual Analysis for Cluster Tendency Assessment and Data Partitioning

Section 1 (S1) describes specifically the problems to be discussed in succeeding chapters. In S2 a short analysis of the modeling process suggests that information and uncertainty will be key concepts in the development of new mathematical structures for pattern recognition. Fuzzy sets are introduced in the third section as a natural and tractable way to model physical situations which seem to require something more than is offered by deterministic or stochastic representations.

Models for Pattern Recognition

One-class support vector machines (OCSVMs) are very effective for semisupervised anomaly detection. However, their performance strongly depends on the settings of their hyperparameters, which has not been well studied. Moreover, unavailability of a clean training set that only comprises normal data in many real-life problems has given rise to the application of OCSVMs in an unsupervised manner. However, it has been shown that if the training set includes anomalies, the normal boundary created by OCSVMs is prone to skew toward the anomalies. This problem decreases the detection rate of anomalies and results in poor performance of the classifier. In this paper, we propose a new technique to set the hyperparameters and clean suspected anomalies from unlabelled training sets. The proposed method removes suspected anomalies based on a $K$ -nearest neighbors technique, which is then used to directly estimate the hyperparameters. We examine several benchmark data sets with diverse distributions and dimensionality. Our findings suggest that on the examined data sets, the proposed technique is roughly 70 times faster than supervised parameter estimation via grid-search and cross validation, and one to three orders of magnitude faster than broadly used semisupervised and unsupervised parameter estimation methods for OCSVMs. Moreover, our method statistically outperforms those semisupervised and unsupervised methods and its accuracy is comparable to supervised grid-search and cross validation.

Efficient Unsupervised Parameter Estimation for One-Class Support Vector Machines

Replying to the comments of W.H. Woodall and R.E. Davis (ibid., p.43) on the author's editorial (ibid., p.1), the authors present two illustrations to show that they do not have a poor opinion of probability but that they believe fuzzy membership to be more useful in some cases. >

The thirsty traveler visits Gamont: a rejoinder to "Comments on fuzzy sets/spl minus/what are they and why?"

Description du modele conceptuel et du traitement des recherches en langage naturel dans les systemes d'information automatises. Une interface basee sur la technique des ensembles flous est proposee pour gerer les incertitudes liees a la semantique du langage naturel

James C. Bezdek

Papers

Enhanced Visual Analysis for Cluster Tendency Assessment and Data Partitioning

Models for Pattern Recognition

Efficient Unsupervised Parameter Estimation for One-Class Support Vector Machines

The thirsty traveler visits Gamont: a rejoinder to "Comments on fuzzy sets/spl minus/what are they and why?"

Knowledge-assisted document retrieval. I: The natural-language interface