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James L. Riley

Researcher at University of Pennsylvania

Publications -  170
Citations -  24311

James L. Riley is an academic researcher from University of Pennsylvania. The author has contributed to research in topics: T cell & Cytotoxic T cell. The author has an hindex of 71, co-authored 159 publications receiving 21496 citations. Previous affiliations of James L. Riley include Walter Reed Army Institute of Research & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

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CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors inhibit T-cell activation by distinct mechanisms

TL;DR: In this paper, CTLA-4 and PD-1 signaling inhibited Akt phosphorylation by preventing CD3/CD28-mediated upregulation of glucose metabolism and Akt activity, but each accomplished this regulation using separate mechanisms.
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The CD28 signaling pathway regulates glucose metabolism.

TL;DR: It is shown that CD28 costimulation functions to increase glycolytic flux, allowing T cells to anticipate energetic and biosynthetic needs associated with a sustained response.
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SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation, but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that colocalization of PD-1 with CD3 and/or CD28 may be necessary for inhibition of T cell activation, and that recruitment of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and SHP-2, and not the adaptor SRC homology 2 domain -containing molecule 1A, to the ITSM domain is needed.