Alloy negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries.

Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, perovskite solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable perovskite devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/3D (HOOC(CH2)4NH3)2PbI4/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite junction. The 2D/3D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Up-scaling represents a key challenge for photovoltaics based on metal halide perovskites. Using a composite of 2D and 3D perovskites in combination with a printable carbon black/graphite counter electrode; Granciniet al., report 11.2% efficient modules stable over 10,000 hours.

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One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering

Research to develop alternative electrode materials with high energy densities in Li-ion batteries has been actively pursued to satisfy the power demands for electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles. This critical review focuses on anode materials composed of Group IV and V elements with their composites including Ag and Mg metals as well as transition metal oxides which have been intensively investigated. This critical review is devoted mainly to their electrochemical performances and reaction mechanisms (313 references).

Li-alloy based anode materials for Li secondary batteries.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are discrete anionic metaloxygen clusters which can be regarded as soluble oxide fragments. They exhibit a great diversity of sizes, nuclearities, and shapes. They are built from the connection of {MOx} polyhedra, M being a d-block element in high oxidation state, usually VIV,V, MoVI, or WVI.1 While these species have been known for almost two centuries, they still attract much interest partly based on their large domains of applications. They play a great role in various areas ranging from catalysis,2 medicine,3 electrochemistry,4 photochromism,5 to magnetism.6 This palette of applications is intrinsically due to the combination of their added value properties (redox properties, large sizes, high negative charges, nucleophilicity...). Parallel to this domain, the organic-inorganic hybrids area has followed a similar expansion during the last 10 years. The concept of organic-inorganic hybrid materials * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dolbecq@ chimie.uvsq.fr. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6009–6048 6009

Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Polyoxometalate Compounds: From Structural Diversity to Applications

The hybrid two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have recently drawn significant interest because they can serve as excellent photoabsorbers in perovskite solar cells. Here we present the large scale synthesis, crystal structure, and optical characterization of the 2D (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ∞) perovskites, a family of layered compounds with tunable semiconductor characteristics. These materials consist of well-defined inorganic perovskite layers intercalated with bulky butylammonium cations that act as spacers between these fragments, adopting the crystal structure of the Ruddlesden–Popper type. We find that the perovskite thickness (n) can be synthetically controlled by adjusting the ratio between the spacer cation and the small organic cation, thus allowing the isolation of compounds in pure form and large scale. The orthorhombic crystal structures of (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)Pb2I7 (n = 2, Cc2m; a = 8.9470(4), b = 39.347(2) A, c = 8.8589(6)), (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 (...

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00847

Ruddlesden-Popper Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite 2D Homologous Semiconductors

Crystal growth and anisotropic thermal properties of the nonlinear and polar oxide Cs2TeW3O12

The title three compounds have been synthesized by solid state reactions at high temperatures, with excess indium as flux, and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Eu3Co2In15 forms a new structure type and crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/mbm (No. 127), whereas KM2In9 (M = Co, Ni) in the BaFe2Al9 type crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6/mmm (No. 191). Their structures all feature a three-dimensional anionic framework based on 1D [MIn6] single cluster chains composed of face-sharing [MIn9] clusters. In Eu3Co2In15, two adjacent [CoIn6] single cluster chains form a [Co2In11] double cluster chain via corner-sharing In atoms as well as In−In bonds; the latter chains are further interconnected by additional indium atoms via In−In bonds into a complicated 3D framework, forming two types of tunnels along the c-axis, which are filled by the europium atoms. In KM2In9, the [MIn6] single cluster chains are directly interconnected via corner sharing and exo In−I...

Eu3Co2In15 and KM2In9 (M = Co, Ni): 3D frameworks based on transition metal centered In9 clusters.

A series of lanthanide boroantimonates, namely, LnBSb2O8 (Ln = Sm 1, Eu 2, Gd 3, and Tb 4) have been successfully synthesized by high temperature solid-state reactions for the first time. They are isostructural and feature novel three-dimensional (3D) frameworks composed of 2D [Sb3O12]9– layers interconnected by 1D [SbBO7]6– chains with remaining BO3 groups hanging on the walls of the 1D 6-membered-ring (MR) tunnels along the a-axis, and the lanthanide ions filled in the voids of the anionic structure. They exhibit high thermal stability (up to 900 °C). Luminescent studies suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 4 have potential application as orange, red, and green light luminescent materials, respectively. Magnetic measurements reveal ferromagnetic coupling interactions in compound 3 and antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between magnetic centers in compounds 1, 2, and 4.

Jiang-Gao Mao

Papers

Crystal growth and anisotropic thermal properties of the nonlinear and polar oxide Cs2TeW3O12

Eu3Co2In15 and KM2In9 (M = Co, Ni): 3D frameworks based on transition metal centered In9 clusters.

LnBSb2O8 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb): A Series of Lanthanide Boroantimonates with Unusual 3D Anionic Structures.

Zn2(bipy)2V4TeO14: A new type of layered vanadium(V) tellurite with organically covalently bonded zinc(II) complex

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic property of a new layered copper(II) complex with picolinic acid N-oxide built from Cu2O2 dimer units