Alloy negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries.

Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, perovskite solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable perovskite devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/3D (HOOC(CH2)4NH3)2PbI4/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite junction. The 2D/3D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Up-scaling represents a key challenge for photovoltaics based on metal halide perovskites. Using a composite of 2D and 3D perovskites in combination with a printable carbon black/graphite counter electrode; Granciniet al., report 11.2% efficient modules stable over 10,000 hours.

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One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering

Research to develop alternative electrode materials with high energy densities in Li-ion batteries has been actively pursued to satisfy the power demands for electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles. This critical review focuses on anode materials composed of Group IV and V elements with their composites including Ag and Mg metals as well as transition metal oxides which have been intensively investigated. This critical review is devoted mainly to their electrochemical performances and reaction mechanisms (313 references).

Li-alloy based anode materials for Li secondary batteries.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are discrete anionic metaloxygen clusters which can be regarded as soluble oxide fragments. They exhibit a great diversity of sizes, nuclearities, and shapes. They are built from the connection of {MOx} polyhedra, M being a d-block element in high oxidation state, usually VIV,V, MoVI, or WVI.1 While these species have been known for almost two centuries, they still attract much interest partly based on their large domains of applications. They play a great role in various areas ranging from catalysis,2 medicine,3 electrochemistry,4 photochromism,5 to magnetism.6 This palette of applications is intrinsically due to the combination of their added value properties (redox properties, large sizes, high negative charges, nucleophilicity...). Parallel to this domain, the organic-inorganic hybrids area has followed a similar expansion during the last 10 years. The concept of organic-inorganic hybrid materials * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dolbecq@ chimie.uvsq.fr. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6009–6048 6009

Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Polyoxometalate Compounds: From Structural Diversity to Applications

The hybrid two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have recently drawn significant interest because they can serve as excellent photoabsorbers in perovskite solar cells. Here we present the large scale synthesis, crystal structure, and optical characterization of the 2D (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ∞) perovskites, a family of layered compounds with tunable semiconductor characteristics. These materials consist of well-defined inorganic perovskite layers intercalated with bulky butylammonium cations that act as spacers between these fragments, adopting the crystal structure of the Ruddlesden–Popper type. We find that the perovskite thickness (n) can be synthetically controlled by adjusting the ratio between the spacer cation and the small organic cation, thus allowing the isolation of compounds in pure form and large scale. The orthorhombic crystal structures of (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)Pb2I7 (n = 2, Cc2m; a = 8.9470(4), b = 39.347(2) A, c = 8.8589(6)), (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 (...

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00847

Ruddlesden-Popper Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite 2D Homologous Semiconductors

(H 3 O)Ca 2 Zn 3.5 (PO 4 ) 4 and Ba 2 Cd 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 : Syntheses, crystal structures and characterizations of two mixed metal phosphates

Thioborates are considered new potential mid-infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals with wide bandgap and large second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients. Despite the fact that many rare-earth thioborates are structurally non-centrosymmetric, their...

LaBS3 Revisited: A Promising Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical material

Two novel tartratoborates, namely, K2[(C4H2O6)(B3O4H)](H2O) (1) and KCu2[(C4H2O6)2B](H2O)2.5 (2), have been successfully synthesized by solvothermal reactions. They feature different kinds of structural types based on hybrid borate–tartrate motifs. The structure of compound 1 features a 3D network composed of novel [(C4H2O6)2(B3O4H)2]4− anionic groups interconnected by K+ cations. The [(C4H2O6)2(B3O4H)2]4− anion was formed by the condensation of two (B3O8H)6− groups and two tartrate anions, and such condensation reaction has never been reported previously. Compound 2 exhibits a novel 3D network structure in which 2D {Cu2[(C4H2O6)2B](H2O)2}− layers are further interconnected via K+ ions. The [(C4H2O6)2B]5− anion was formed by the condensation of two tartrate anions with a B(OH)4− unit. Magnetic measurements reveal a dominant antiferromagnetic interaction between neighboring Cu2+ ions in compound 2. Furthermore, UV-vis and infrared spectra and thermal analyses were also performed.

Two tartratoborates with hybrid anionic groups from unusual condensation reactions.

The new barium zinc(II) tellurate disilicate Ba3Zn6[TeO6][Si2O7]2 was synthesized by the high temperature solid state reaction of BaCO3, ZnO, and SiO2 with TeO3·H2O in a molar ratio of 3:6:4:1 in an evacuated silica tube at 820 °C. Its structure was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ba3Zn6[TeO6][Si2O7]2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/m (no. 12), with cell parameters of a = 15.975(5), b = 11.505(4), c = 5.142(2) A, β = 107.437(5)°, V = 901.7(5) A3, and Z = 2. The structure of Ba3Zn6[TeO6][Si2O7]2 is composed of two types of zinc oxide polyhedra ([ZnO4] tetrahedra and [ZnO6] octahedra), [TeO6] octahedra, disilicate group [Si2O7], [BaO6] and [BaO7] polyhedra. It can be described as a three-dimensional anionic network of {Zn6[TeO6][Si2O7]2}6−, which is built from one-dimensional chains of [Zn6TeO18]18− anion interconnected by disilicate [Si2O7]6− groups with the barium cations located at the six-membered apertures of the above-mentioned anionic network.

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Jiang-Gao Mao

Papers

(H 3 O)Ca 2 Zn 3.5 (PO 4 ) 4 and Ba 2 Cd 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 : Syntheses, crystal structures and characterizations of two mixed metal phosphates

LaBS3 Revisited: A Promising Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical material

Two tartratoborates with hybrid anionic groups from unusual condensation reactions.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of the Barium Zinc Tellurate Disilicate: Ba3Zn6[TeO6][Si2O7]2

Synthesis and crystal structure of CaAgBi and BaAg1.837Bi2