José Luis Millán

TL;DR: This mini-review focuses exclusively on structural and functional features of mammalian alkaline phosphatases as identified by crystallography and probed by site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis and their structural andfunctional relatedness to a large superfamily of enzymes that includes nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase.

TL;DR: This mini-review focuses exclusively on structural and functional features of mammalian alkaline phosphatases as identified by crystallography and probed by site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis.

TL;DR: A comparison of the structures of the other human isozymes and PLAP suggests that the peripheral binding site may be involved in the functional specialization of the PLAP isozyme, and highlights the crucial role played by position 429 at the active site in the modulation of the catalytic process.

TL;DR: A chimeric enzyme (ChimAP) is generated that retains the structural folding of IAP, but displays greatly increased stability, active site Zn2+ binding, increased transphosphorylation, a higher turnover number and narrower substrate specificity.

TL;DR: During skeletal mineralization, the building Ca2+ gradient first activates TNAP, but gradually inactivates it at high Ca2- concentrations, toward completion of mineralization.