Alkaline Phosphatases : Structure, substrate specificity and functional relatedness to other members of a large superfamily of enzymes
TLDR
This mini-review focuses exclusively on structural and functional features of mammalian alkaline phosphatases as identified by crystallography and probed by site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis and their structural andfunctional relatedness to a large superfamily of enzymes that includes nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase.Abstract:
Our knowledge of the structure and function of alkaline phosphatases has increased greatly in recent years. The crystal structure of the human placental isozyme has enabled us to probe salient features of the mammalian enzymes that differ from those of the bacterial enzymes. The availability of knockout mice deficient in each of the murine alkaline phosphatase isozymes has also given deep insights into their in vivo role. This has been particularly true for probing the biological role of bone alkaline phosphatase during skeletal mineralization. Due to space constraints this mini-review focuses exclusively on structural and functional features of mammalian alkaline phosphatases as identified by crystallography and probed by site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis. An emphasis is also placed on the substrate specificity of alkaline phosphatases, their catalytic properties as phosphohydrolases as well as phosphodiesterases and their structural and functional relatedness to a large superfamily of enzymes that includes nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase.read more
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Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 are central antagonistic regulators of bone mineralization
Lovisa Hessle,Kristen Johnson,H. Clarke Anderson,Sonoko Narisawa,Adnan Sali,James W. Goding,Robert Terkeltaub,José Luis Millán +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that inhibiting PC-1 function may be a viable therapeutic strategy for hypophosphatasia, and interfere with TNAP activity may correct pathological hyperossification because of PPi insufficiency.
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Hypophosphatasia and the role of alkaline phosphatase in skeletal mineralization.
TL;DR: How ALP acts was clarified by the discoveries that several phosphocompound substrates for tissue-nonspecific ALP (TNSALP) accumulate endogenously in this inborn error of metabolism.
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Concerted regulation of inorganic pyrophosphate and osteopontin by akp2, enpp1, and ank: an integrated model of the pathogenesis of mineralization disorders.
Dympna Harmey,Lovisa Hessle,Sonoko Narisawa,Kristen Johnson,Robert Terkeltaub,José Luis Millán +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors crossbred Akp2−/− mice to ank/ank mice and found a partial normalization of the mineralization phenotypes and PPi levels.