Kenji Saitoh

TL;DR: In this article, the first and second opposed objects each having at least one diffraction grating, for detecting a positional relationship between those objects in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which they are opposed, is disclosed.

TL;DR: In this article, an optical recording method is provided which comprises a step of irradiating light corresponding to recording information on the optical recording medium having a recording layer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of azulenium salt compounds, pyrylium dyes, diene compounds, croconic methine dyes or polymethine compounds and a diacetylene derivative compound to thereby form a pit on said recording layer.

TL;DR: A measurement apparatus includes an illumination light setting unit which sets illumination light having an optical characteristic corresponding to a microstructure which is formed on the surface of a measurement target and is to be measured, a measurement unit which measures reflected light when the measurement target is irradiated with the illumination light, and an extraction unit which extracts, from the measured reflected light, information about the surface shape of the measurement targets as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, an electroconductive film is provided which has a first region constituted of a lamination layer comprising an electioxonductive layer and an insulating layer, and a second layer having reduced or eliminated electonductivity.

TL;DR: In this paper, an illumination apparatus which illuminates a surface of an object having a three-dimensional shape includes a light source, a guide configured to guide light from the light source to a surface, and a diffuser which has a diffusion-reflection surface that faces a light exit surface of the guide via the object, wherein the diffuser is arranged at such a position that the light which is emitted from the guide and is not directly incident on the object is incident on diffusion-reflecting surface while a part of the light reflected and diffused by the diffusion-