Showing papers by "Lei Wang published in 2022"

Constructing Heterostructured Bimetallic Selenides on an N-Doped Carbon Nanoframework as Anodes for Ultrastable Na-Ion Batteries.

Abstract: Transition-metal selenides have been recognized as a class of promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) on account of their high capacity. Nevertheless, the sluggish conversion kinetics and rapid capacity decay caused by insufficient conductivity and volume change restrain their applications. Herein, hollow heterostructured bimetallic selenides embedded in an N-doped carbon nanoframework (H-CoSe2/ZnSe@NC) were prepared via a facile template-engaged method. Benefiting from the rich defect at the phase boundary of the CoSe2/ZnSe heterostructure, pre-reserved cavity, and enhanced structure rigidity, the abovementioned issues are resolved at once, and the accelerated charge transportation kinetics traced by spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations certify the interface effect in the capacity release. In addition, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy all confirm the high-reversible electrochemical conversion mechanism in H-CoSe2/ZnSe@NC. Together with a reasonable structural architecture and the highly reversible conversion reaction, H-CoSe2/ZnSe@NC displays a prominent rate capacity (244.8 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1) as well as an ultralong lifespan (10,000 cycles at 10 A g-1), highlighting the significance of structure control in fabricating high-performance anodes for SIBs.

Hard ferromagnetic behavior in atomically thin CrSiTe3 flakes.

Abstract: The research on two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets has promoted the development of ultrahigh-density data storage and nanoscale spintronic devices. However, the soft ferromagnetic behavior in most 2D magnets, which means the absence of remanent magnetization, severely limits their applications in realistic devices. Here, we report a layer-controlled ferromagnetic behavior in atomically thin CrSiTe3 flakes, where a transition from the soft to the hard ferromagnetic state occurs as the thickness of samples decreases down to several nanometers. Phenomenally, in contrast to the negligible hysteresis loop in the bulk counterparts, atomically thin CrSiTe3 shows a rectangular loop with finite magnetization and coercivity as the thickness decreases down to ∼8 nm, indicative of a single-domain and out-of-plane ferromagnetic order. We find that the stray field is weakened with decreasing thickness, which suppresses the formation of the domain wall. In addition, thickness-dependent ferromagnetic properties also reveal a crossover from 3 dimensional to 2 dimensional Ising ferromagnets, accompanied by a drop of the Curie temperature from 33 K for bulk to ∼17 K for the 4 nm sample. Our study paves the way towards exploring and learning much more about atomically thin and layered intrinsic ferromagnets.

Vibrio harveyi infections induce production of proinflammatory cytokines in murine peritoneal macrophages via activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways, but reversed by PI3K/AKT pathways.

Abstract: Vibrio harveyi is a zoonotic pathogen that can infect humans through wounds and cause severe inflammatory responses. Previous studies have reported that the Toll like receptors (TLR) mediated MAPK, AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways are involved in innate immune system resistance to pathogen invasion. However, the molecular mechanism of these pathways, as well as their involvement in V. harveyi infection remains elusive. This study established a V. harveyi infection model using murine peritoneal macrophages (PMs). Various techniques, including western blotting, ELISA, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, inhibition assays, were used to explore the roles of TLRs, MAPK, AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways in V. harveyi-induced inflammatory responses. ELISA assays showed that V. harveyi infection triggered proinflammatory cytokines secretion in PMs. RT-qPCR and inhibition assays showed that TLR2 participated in V. harveyi infection and up-regulated the proinflammatory cytokines secretion in murine PMs. Western blotting data showed that the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, AKT, and NF-κB p65 were significantly increased partly mediated by TLR2. In addition, immunofluorescence assays revealed that the NF-κB p65 translocated into nucleus in response to V. harveyi infection. The secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α were considerably reduced when the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were blocked, whereas blocking of AKT significantly increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. These findings indicate that V. harveyi infection induces inflammatory responses in murine PMs via activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways, which are partly mediated by TLR2, but are inhibited by PI3K/AKT pathways.

Two-dimensional quantum universality in the spin-1/2 triangular-lattice quantum antiferromagnet Na2BaCo(PO4)2

Abstract: Significance Although considerable progress has been made in the theoretical understanding of the low-dimensional frustrated quantum magnets, experimental realizations of a well-established scaling analysis are still scarce. This is particularly true for the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic triangular lattices. Owing to the small exchange strength, the newly discovered compound Na2BaCo(PO4)2 provides a rare opportunity for clarifying the quantum criticality in an ideal triangular lattice with quantum spin S = 1/2. In addition to the establishment of the complete phase diagrams, the spin Hamiltonian with a negligible interplane interaction has been determined through the spin wave dispersion in the polarized state, which is consistent with the observation of a two-dimensional quantum critical point with the Bose–Einstein condensation of diluted free bosons.

Magnetically tunable Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Mn</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>Bi</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Te</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Abstract: Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations are directly observed in undoped antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4. With increasing magnetic fields, the oscillation period decreases gradually in the magnetic transition from canted antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism and then saturates in high magnetic fields, indicating the field-induced evolution of the band structure. From the analysis of the high-field oscillations, a nontrivial Berry phase and a small effective mass are extracted, in agreement with the predicted Weyl semimetal phase in ferromagnetic MnBi2Te4. Furthermore, rotating the magnetization of MnBi2Te4 can lead to a splitting of the high-field oscillations, which suggests the enhanced asymmetry of the Weyl cones in tilted fields. Therefore, the observation of these magnetically tunable quantum oscillations clearly demonstrates the indispensable role of field in tuning the band structure or physical properties of MnBi2Te4.

Intrinsic magnetic topological materials

Abstract: Topological states of matter possess bulk electronic structures categorized by topological invariants and edge/surface states due to the bulk-boundary correspondence. Topological materials hold great potential in the development of dissipationless spintronics, information storage and quantum computation, particularly if combined with magnetic order intrinsically or extrinsically. Here, we review the recent progress in the exploration of intrinsic magnetic topological materials, including but not limited to magnetic topological insulators, magnetic topological metals, and magnetic Weyl semimetals. We pay special attention to their characteristic band features such as the gap of topological surface state, gapped Dirac cone induced by magnetization (either bulk or surface), Weyl nodal point/line and Fermi arc, as well as the exotic transport responses resulting from such band features. We conclude with a brief envision for experimental explorations of new physics or effects by incorporating other orders in intrinsic magnetic topological materials.

Comparative Toxicity and Joint Effects of Chlorantraniliprole and Carbaryl Against the Invasive Spodioptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract: Abstract Fallarmyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most devastating invasive pests in China. Chlorantraniliprole (CH) is currently the main agent for controlling S. frugiperda. Carbaryl (CA) has been widely used as a foliar treatment to control S. frugiperda, although the pest has become highly resistant to it. This study investigates the comparative toxicity and joint effects of CH and CA on S. frugiperda. Time-toxicity results showed that CH had high toxicity to 1st and 3rd instar larvae, whereas CA had very low toxicity to 1st and 3rd instar larvae. The mixtures of CH and CA at different mass ratios showed strong synergistic effects on toxicity, and the mass ratio of 2:1 exhibited the highest toxicity to S. frugiperda. Furthermore, the synergistic toxicity of CH and CA at the 2:1 mass ratio (CH+CA) was also verified in field populations of S. frugiperda. The life-history parameters showed that CH+CA dramatically decreased the survival rate and fecundity of the parent population (F0) compared with CH treatment at the same concentration. Besides, CH and CH+CA mixture showed induction effect on cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activities in S. frugiperda, with cytochrome P450s enzyme responding the fastest. In conclusion, this research found CH+CA provided synergistic effects on the toxicity and the sublethal effect on larvae. The joint effects on the life-history parameters and the detoxifying enzymes in S. frugiperda, may be useful for implementing IPM programs against this Lepidoptera pest. Graphical Abstract

Chemical Mechanism-Dominated and Reporter-Tunable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering via Directional Supramolecular Assembly.

Abstract: Molecular resonance can be strengthened by charge transfer, profiting chemical mechanism (CM)-related surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Herein a supramolecular assembly enabled SERS system is established by functionalizing para-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (pSC4) onto Au3Cu nanocrystals (NCs). Due to the cooperation of Au and Cu, pSC4 is directionally assembled on the surface of Au3Cu NCs via van der Waals force, enabling photoinduced and hydrogen bond-induced charge transfer, which remarkably enhances the Raman scattering of methylene blue (MB) captured by pSC4. In particular, for the C-N and C-C stretching of MB, the contributions of resonance Raman scattering increase up to 80%. In addition, the SERS system is able to display affinities of different host-guest interactions, and further employed to evaluate effects of drugs for Alzheimer's disease. In this work, charge transfer is realized by performing supramolecular assembly on the surface of plasmonic nanomaterials, providing an avenue to design CM-related and reporter-tunable SERS systems.

Realization of practical eightfold fermions and fourfold van Hove singularity in TaCo_2Te_2

Abstract: Abstract Space groups describing the symmetry of lattice structure allow the emergence of fermionic quasiparticles with various degeneracy in the band structure. Theoretical efforts have predicted many materials hosting fermions with the highest degeneracy, i.e., eightfold fermions, yet lacking experimental realization. Here, we explore the band degeneracies in TaCo 2 Te 2 crystals. Through systematic experimental and theoretical analyses, we establish TaCo 2 Te 2 as a nonsymmorphic crystal with negligible spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and long-range magnetic order. These critical properties guarantee the realization of practical eightfold fermions and fourfold van Hove singularity, as directly observed by photoemission spectroscopy. TaCo 2 Te 2 serves as a topological quantum critical platform, which can be tuned into various magnetic, topologically trivial, and nontrivial phases by adding strain, magnetic field, or SOC. The latter is demonstrated by our first-principles calculations, which show that enhancing SOC in TaCo 2 Te 2 will promote the experimental observation of bulk hourglass fermions. Our results establish TaCo 2 Te 2 as a platform to explore the interplay between symmetry and band topology.

Tai Chi Improves Cognitive Function of Dementia Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Abstract: Background Studies show that Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, has the potential to improve cognitive and physical function among the elderly. However, debates continue about its effectiveness among persons with dementia (PWD). Primary study objective This study assessed the effectiveness of Tai Chi in improving cognitive, physical, and emotional function among PWDs. Methods We conducted a systematic review of research on online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library) published up to April 2021. Relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were reviewed and analyzed. A random-effect model was used to evaluate the pooled mean difference values. Intervention The individuals in the intervention group practiced Tai Chi exercises in addition to their regular care, while the individuals in the control group continued their usual care. Primary Outcome Measures We focus on three outcome measures: the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores. Results Seven studies (N = 616) were included in the meta-analysis. Our results show that Tai Chi can improve cognitive function in PWDs (P = .007, SMD = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.47). However, Tai Chi might not improve the TUG (P = .25, SMD = -0.64; 95% CI, -1.74 to 0.46) and GDS (P = .61; SMD = -0.36; 95% CI -2.00 to 1.17) functions. Conclusions The results suggest that Tai Chi can help improve cognitive function among PWDs, but it has no physical and emotional benefits as assessed using the TUG and GDS scales, respectively.

Dirac nodal lines and nodal loops in the topological kagome superconductor <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>CsV</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Sb</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Abstract: The intertwining of charge order, superconductivity and band topology has promoted the AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A=K, Rb, Cs) family of materials to the center of attention in condensed matter physics. Underlying those mysterious macroscopic properties such as giant anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and chiral charge density wave is their nontrivial band topology. While there have been numerous experimental and theoretical works investigating the nontrivial band structure and especially the van Hove singularities, the exact topological phase of this family remains to be clarified. In this work, we identify CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ as a Dirac nodal line semimetal based on the observation of multiple Dirac nodal lines and loops close to the Fermi level. Combining photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory, we identify two groups of Dirac nodal lines along $k_z$ direction and one group of Dirac nodal loops in the A-H-L plane. These nodal loops are located at the Fermi level within the instrumental resolution limit. Importantly, our first-principle analyses indicate that these nodal loops may be a crucial source of the mysterious giant AHC observed. Our results not only provide a clear picture to categorize the band structure topology of this family of materials, but also suggest the dominant role of topological nodal loops in shaping their transport behavior.

Strain Tunability of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in van der Waals Ferromagnets VI3.

Abstract: Layered ferromagnets with strong magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) have special applications in nanoscale memory elements in electronic circuits. Here, we report a strain tunability of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets VI3 using magnetic circular dichroism measurements. For an unstrained flake, the M-H curve shows a rectangular-shaped hysteresis loop with a large coercivity (1.775 T at 10 K) and remanent magnetization. Furthermore, the coercivity can be enhanced to a maximum of 2.6 T under a 3.8% external in-plane tensile strain. Our DFT calculations show that the increased MAE under strain contributes to the enhancement of coercivity. Meanwhile, the strain tunability on the coercivity of CrI3, with a similar crystal structure, is limited. The main reason is the strong spin-orbit coupling in V3+ in VI6 octahedra in comparison with that in Cr3+. The strain tunability of coercivity in VI3 flakes highlights its potential for integration into vdW heterostructures.

Muon Spin Relaxation Study of Spin Dynamics in Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate H$_3$LiIr$_2$O$_6$

Abstract: Yan-Xing Yang,1, ∗ Liang-Long Huang,2, ∗ Zi-Hao Zhu,1 Chang-Sheng Chen,1 Qiong Wu,1 Zhao-Feng Ding,1 Cheng Tan,1 Pabi K. Biswas,3 Adrian D. Hillier,3 You-Guo Shi,4, 5 Da-Peng Yu,2, 6 Cai Liu,2, 6 Le Wang,2, 6 Fei Ye,2, 6 Jia-Wei Mei,2, 6, † and Lei Shu1, 7, ‡ State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX110QX, United Kingdom Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, PR China. Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China (Dated: February 1, 2022)

Seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl mixture for managing fall armyworm on maize: systemic synergism, control efficiency and synergistic mechanism.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the major invasive pests in China, and has been widely controlled by labor-intensive foliar sprays of agrochemicals in maize (Zea mays L.). RESULTS Systemic bioassay showed that mixtures of chlorantraniliprole (Chlor) and carbaryl (Carb) had dramatically synergistic effect on toxicity to S. frugiperda. Particularly, Chlor mixed with Carb at a mass ratio of 2:1 (MCC) exhibited the highest toxicity to S. frugiperda. Therefore, seed treatment with Chlor mixed Carb was studied as a simple, accurate, efficient and low-cost control technology. Our results showed that MCC treatment shortened the median lethal time and 90% lethal time to S. frugiperda compared to Chlor- and Carb-alone treatments. Meanwhile, smaller leaf consumption by S. frugiperda was recorded under MCC treatment compared to Chlor- and Carb-alone treatments. In field trial, maize seed treatment with MCC showed efficacy up to 39 days post emergence in preventing S. frugiperda foliar damage at a low infestation pressure. Moreover, chemical quantification by UPLC-MS/MS showed that Chlor residues were more absorbed and concentrated in maize leaves of MCC treatment, compared to that of Chlor-alone treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggested that seed treatment with MCC can be applied to increase the control efficacy and reduce the cost of Chlor-alone treatment for controlling S. frugiperda. The present study provided evidence of an enhanced translocation and accumulation of Chlor residues in maize leaves under MCC treatment, which likely contributed to a synergistic effect against S. frugiperda. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Structural and magnetic phase transitions in quasi-two-dimensional <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>VBr</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>

Abstract: We present a systematic study on the structural and magnetic phase transitions in quasi-two-dimensional (2D) material ${\mathrm{VBr}}_{3}$ through various experimental techniques. With decreasing the temperature, ${\mathrm{VBr}}_{3}$ first undergoes a structural phase transition at around 90 K and then changes into the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state below 26.5 K. Interestingly, in addition to the strong AFM coupling background below 26.5 K, our ${\mathrm{VBr}}_{3}$ single crystals also exhibit robust hysteresis loops with coercive field about 1.5 T at 2 K for $H//c$, but none for $H//ab$. This is a typical feature of canted AFM and should not originate from a possible ferromagnetic (FM) impurities phase, because FM materials such as ${\mathrm{VI}}_{3}$ always have clear hysteresis loops in all magnetic field directions. Magnetization measurements of angle for rotation in both $ab$ and $ac$ planes also suggest ${\mathrm{VBr}}_{3}$ as a canted AFM with easy axis slightly off the $c$ axis. Furthermore, detailed Raman spectroscopy measurements also reveal the structural phase transition at 90 K. More importantly, splitting of a doubly degenerated ${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$ mode is observed, which demonstrates threefold rotational symmetry breaking in the low-temperature phase. Considering the similar structural phase transition of isostructural materials, we conclude that ${\mathrm{VBr}}_{3}$ changes from $R\overline{3}$ structure to $C2/m$ structure with stacking order change as temperature decreases.

An insecticide phenotypic resistance diagnostic kit for cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover(Hemiptera Aphididae).

Abstract: BACKGROUND Aphis gossypii is a notorious pest worldwide, and evidence of resistance of A. gossypii to various insecticides has been documented. The diagnostic tools for the rapid and accurate assessment of insecticide resistance are urgently needed to implement the effective pest control and insecticide resistance management strategies. RESULTS Through this diagnostic kit based on glass vial bioassay, the detection results can be obtained in 3 h and the values of 897.86 ng/cm2 , 133.57 ng/cm2 , 12037.45 ng/cm2 , 2849.26 ng/cm2 , 19457.33 ng/cm2 and 215.60 ng/cm2 were finally identified as the actual diagnostic doses of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, dinotefuran and sulfoxaflor, respectively. The regression equation between mortalities under diagnostic doses and actual resistance ratios tested by leaf dipping method were conducted in different strains of A. gossypii, and the diagnostic mortality of A. gossypii was negatively correlated with the resistance ratio to imidacloprid (r = -0.986, P = 0.002), acetamiprid (r = -0.964, P = 0.008), thiamethoxam (r = -0.930, P = 0.022), nitenpyram (r = -0.950, P = 0.013), dinotefuran (r = -0.976, P = 0.004) and sulfoxaflor (r = -0.937, P = 0.019). Moreover, we chose four A. gossypii field populations to apply the diagnostic kit in the field. CONCLUSIONS A diagnostic kit based on glass vial bioassay for the rapid detection of resistance to imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, dinotefuran and sulfoxaflor in A. gossypii was developed. The insecticide diagnostic kit for A. gossypii can be a useful screening tool to determine the effective insecticides quickly and accurately. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Post CMP Cleaning Study Of Ceria Slurry

Abstract: Post CMP cleaning is a very important step to remove the CMP slurry abrasive from wafer surface and get rid of the CMP particles defects. In this paper, we studied the relationship between the ceria particle surface charge and effective cleaning process of oxide wafers. We also developed an effective on-platen cleaning process to remove ceria particles from TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) wafer surface when the ceria slurry had positive zeta potential. In this process, the cleaning solution was introduced on polishing platen but not into cleaner. This process offers advantage over traditional ceria cleaning process.

Combined RNA-seq and Phenotype Analysis Reveals a Potential Molecular Mechanism of the Difference in Grain Size of Naked Barley From the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Abstract: To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the size of barley grains, a number of traits were analyzed and RNA-seq was conducted on grains of two barley materials with a significant difference in thousand-grain weight (TGW) after flowering. The trait dataset delineates the dynamic changes in grain size after flowering, and it provides an understanding of the source of the difference in TGW. By comparing the transcripts of barley grains at several stages after flowering, we identified the gene expression characteristics and significantly enriched pathways in each stage. At the early stage of grain development, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and pathways involved in cytoskeleton formation were significantly upregulated. At the later stage of grain development, genes involved in starch synthesis, glucose metabolism, and other pathways were significantly upregulated. Further, we used weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and correlation analysis of trait datasets to identify the coexpressed gene modules significantly associated with traits, such as grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and dry weight (DW). After comparing the modules with the differentially expressed gene (DEG) set, 12 candidate genes were selected, and among these, four genes were homologous to genes that regulate grain size in rice and other plants. The combined analysis identified many potential key regulatory factors that may control barley grain size and yield potential, thus providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of barley grain size.

Mechanism of Early Flowering in a Landrace Naked Barley eam8.l Mutant

Abstract: The EARLY MATURITY 8 (EAM8) gene of barley is homologous to the EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) gene in Arabidopsis, as loss-of-function mutations in this circadian clock gene promote rapid flowering. A previous study demonstrated that the early flowering phenotype of a hulless barley, Lalu, was due to allele eam8.l carrying an alternative splicing mutation in intron 3 that led to intron retention. In the present study, we verified that eam8.l encoded a truncated protein. Although EAM8 was expressed at a higher level in Lalu than in other barley lines with a longer growth period, it did not negatively regulate flowering time. This result further proved that the eam8.l protein was nonfunctional in regulating flowering in barley. The early flowering phenotype of Lalu plants was strongly dependent on the biosynthesis of gibberellin (GA). The eam8.l mutation stopped the suppression of GA biosynthesis, and Lalu accumulated excessive GA, especially in leaves. This was achieved through the upregulated expression of genes in the GA pathway, including GA20ox2, LFY1, SOC1, PAP2, and FPF3. The mutation of the EAM8 gene also abolished the inhibition of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT1) gene expression at night. During the night, expression levels of the FT1 gene were higher than those during the day in Lalu. However, the GA-dependent pathway and FT1 gene mechanism are two independent pathways that promote flowering in Lalu. Alleles of EAM8, therefore, demonstrated an important breeding value in barley, which is probably effective in many other day-length-sensitive crop plants as well; thus, they could be used to tune adaptation in different geographic regions and climatic conditions, a critical issue in times of global warming.

Type-II Dirac Nodal Lines in double-kagome-layered CsV$_8$Sb$_{12}$

Abstract: Yongqing Cai1*, Jianfeng Wang2,3*#, Yuan Wang1*, Zhanyang Hao1*, Yixuan Liu1*, Zhicheng Jiang4, Xuelei Sui3, Hongtao Rong1, Xiao-Ming Ma1, Chengcheng Zhang1, Zecheng Shen1, Yichen Yang4, Wanling Liu4, Qi Jiang4, Zhengtai Liu4, Mao Ye4, Dawei Shen4, Yi Liu5, Shengtao Cui5, Le Wang1, Cai Liu1, Junhao Lin1, Bing Huang3, Jia-Wei Mei1# and Chaoyu Chen1# 1 Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.