There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

This critical review provides a processing-structure-property perspective on recent advances in cellulose nanoparticles and composites produced from them. It summarizes cellulose nanoparticles in terms of particle morphology, crystal structure, and properties. Also described are the self-assembly and rheological properties of cellulose nanoparticle suspensions. The methodology of composite processing and resulting properties are fully covered, with an emphasis on neat and high fraction cellulose composites. Additionally, advances in predictive modeling from molecular dynamic simulations of crystalline cellulose to the continuum modeling of composites made with such particles are reviewed (392 references).

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Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites

Cellulose constitutes the most abundant renewable polymer resource available today. As a chemical raw material, it is generally well-known that it has been used in the form of fibers or derivatives for nearly 150 years for a wide spectrum of products and materials in daily life. What has not been known until relatively recently is that when cellulose fibers are subjected to acid hydrolysis, the fibers yield defect-free, rod-like crystalline residues. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) have garnered in the materials community a tremendous level of attention that does not appear to be relenting. These biopolymeric assemblies warrant such attention not only because of their unsurpassed quintessential physical and chemical properties (as will become evident in the review) but also because of their inherent renewability and sustainability in addition to their abundance. They have been the subject of a wide array of research efforts as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites due to their low cost, availability, renewability, light weight, nanoscale dimension, and unique morphology. Indeed, CNs are the fundamental constitutive polymeric motifs of macroscopic cellulosic-based fibers whose sheer volume dwarfs any known natural or synthetic biomaterial. Biopolymers such as cellulose and lignin and † North Carolina State University. ‡ Helsinki University of Technology. Dr. Youssef Habibi is a research assistant professor at the Department of Forest Biomaterials at North Carolina State University. He received his Ph.D. in 2004 in organic chemistry from Joseph Fourier University (Grenoble, France) jointly with CERMAV (Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolecules Vegetales) and Cadi Ayyad University (Marrakesh, Morocco). During his Ph.D., he worked on the structural characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and also performed surface chemical modification, mainly TEMPO-mediated oxidation, of crystalline polysaccharides, as well as their nanocrystals. Prior to joining NCSU, he worked as assistant professor at the French Engineering School of Paper, Printing and Biomaterials (PAGORA, Grenoble Institute of Technology, France) on the development of biodegradable nanocomposites based on nanocrystalline polysaccharides. He also spent two years as postdoctoral fellow at the French Institute for Agricultural Research, INRA, where he developed new nanostructured thin films based on cellulose nanowiskers. Dr. Habibi’s research interests include the sustainable production of materials from biomass, development of high performance nanocomposites from lignocellulosic materials, biomass conversion technologies, and the application of novel analytical tools in biomass research. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3479–3500 3479

Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications.

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

Ethylene (C2H4) is a major chemical for the modern society, and new technologies for its production are of strategic importance globally. Recently, oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (C2H6) using CO2 as a milder oxidant (CO2-ODH) is proposed as a potential way for C2H4 production, and development of effective catalysts for the process is drawing wide attentions. Here, we report on a facilely prepared ZSM-5 supported Zn system, i.e. ZnZSM-5, which showed great promise in CO2-ODH. Samples with different Zn loadings were prepared and evaluated, and the highest performance was obtained over 0.05ZnZSM-5 at 700 oC and a CO2:C2H6 feeding ratio of 5:1. During 340 min TOS, the C2H6 conversion decreased moderately from 36.2 to 23.1%, and the C2H4 yield stabilized at 21.9 to 27.9%. Based on systematic characterization and investigation of reaction conditions, the structure-performance relationship and reaction network were discussed in detail.

Preparation, Structure-Performance Relationship, and Reaction Network of ZnZSM-5 for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane with CO2.

Deep learning based signal processing technology has been applied in communication systems for enhancing information transmission performances, whose learning capability depends on the loss function using different normality tests. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of different normality test methods, including Jarque-Bera, Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling schemes, on the learning performance of the deep neural network used for the denoising and channel decoding. Explicitly, the Residual Shrink Convolutional Neural Network(RSCNN) is applied to increase the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), while the normality test is combined with the Mean Square Error(MSE) loss to keep the residual noise following Gaussian distribution. Besides, a weighting factor is added between two loss items to provide the overall normalization and prevent overpenalization of data with too much variance. Simulation results show that with the improved loss function, the transmission reliability performance can be enhanced, while the computational complexity of the deep learning network based on the non-parametric test is relatively higher.

Performance Analysis of Normality Test Loss for Intelligent RSCNN Denoiser Design With Application to Channel Decoding

Magnetic field enabled spin-state reconfiguration for highly sensitive paper-based photoelectrochemical bioanalysis

In this paper, we construct the frequency hopping orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-aided differential chaos shift keying (FH-OFDM-DCSK) transmitter and the low-rank approximation of matrices (LRAM) aided receiver via the universal software radio peripheral (USRP) platform. At the transmitter, the chaotic frequency hopping (FH) operation is performed in the frequency domain before the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to improve the security of the system and attain the diversity gain. At the receiver, the LRAM detection is conducted to improve the bit error rate (BER) performances. Then we construct the functional modules of the paired FHOFDM-DCSK transmitter and the LRAM based receiver using USRP. Subsequently, we build up the demonstration system with USRP and investigate the performances over real wireless channels. Experimental results validate that the system can provide secure video transmissions for legitimate users with better reliability performances, while the eavesdroppers can hardly recover the information in real time.

Lina Zhang

Papers

Preparation, Structure-Performance Relationship, and Reaction Network of ZnZSM-5 for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane with CO2.

Performance Analysis of Normality Test Loss for Intelligent RSCNN Denoiser Design With Application to Channel Decoding

Magnetic field enabled spin-state reconfiguration for highly sensitive paper-based photoelectrochemical bioanalysis

Demonstrating Frequency Hopping Aided OFDM-DCSK and Low-rank Approximation of Matrices Based Transmissions via USRP